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<page pageid="13241" ns="0" title="Re-evaluation Counseling">
<revisions>
<rev xml:space="preserve">{{Psychology}}
'''Re-evaluation Counseling''' (RC) is a counseling/psychotherapy movement founded by the late Harvey Jackins and based on the application of the techniques of [[Dianetics]] and [[Scientology]] to a [[Marxism|Marxist]] and identity politics-based analysis of societal oppression, [[racism]], and [[sexism]]. Jackins was both the 1950s Pacific Northwest organizer for [[L. Ron Hubbard]]'s Dianetics movement and a [[socialist]] labor organizer. The target audience of RC is the left-wing liberation movements that came out of the 1960s and 70s, such as women's liberation, anti-racism, etc. RC generally presents itself to its target audience as a method of using emotional release techniques (derived from Scientology) to free persons from patterns of behavior imposed on them by systemic racism, sexism, and [[classism]] in society, but did not openly disclose the origin of its techniques in Dianetics. The claim of RC is that this emotional release can free people of the effects of societal oppression leaving them re-empowered to change the world.
==Relation to Scientology==
RC is not a part of the Scientology organization, which Jackins officially left in the mid 1950s, and is sometimes characterized, using the Scientology terminology, as part of the "[[Free Zone]]" of those using Scientology practices outside of the official sanction of the Church of Scientology. In 1957, the Church of Scientology wrote the [[FBI]] requesting they investigate Harvey Jackins, who at the time had left Hubbard's organization but was still calling himself a Dianetics auditor, as a [[Communist]]. The FBI, who considered Hubbard a mental case, typically ignored such letters from the Co$.
==Co-counseling==
RC's main practice is "co-counseling", involving two people who take turns being the counselor and counselee. It is somewhat similar to early Dianetics "auditing" (circa early 1950s) in that it does not use more recent Scientology practices such as the [[E-Meter]], except that both persons approach the session as equals (in contrast to Dianetics auditing where one person only does the auditing and the other person is the one audited.) Each person is encouraged to share their experiences with the other, in the process supposedly uncovering deep-seated issues from their past which they are then encouraged to bring to the surface and act out in emotional ways - crying, laughing, shaking. This is supposed to discharge those past issues and help each person put them behind them.
This practice of re-visiting old traumatic experiences and bringing them out in especially emotional ways is found within many therapy and self-help disciplines and is not limited to RC and Scientology (it is also found, for example, in Gestalt and encounter therapy, [[primal scream therapy]], and in some psychotherapy methods intended to treat post-traumatic stress disorder). Its effectiveness is controversial within mainstream [[psychology]] - it was a popular concept from the 1950s to the 1970s, but much research since indicates that re-visiting and emotionalizing old traumatic experiences can do more harm than good for many people; such experiences are buried and compartmentalized in the past for a good reason.
==Response to criticism==
Re-evaluation Counselling does not permit criticism of its leaders. Any discussion or disagreement in the organization is regarded as an attack, which the organization is under instruction to ignore. Anyone who criticizes the leadership is asked to apologize and, if they do not, they are asked leave the group.<ref>[http://www.rc.org/theory/index.html Re-evaluation Counseling website]</ref>
==Involvement on the political left==
"United to End Racism" is a RC front group which has participated in several conferences of [[identity politics]] and anti-racism movements such as the Durban World Conference against Racism, the World Social Forum in Caracas, and the White Privilege Conference 2006. RCers are also encouraged to bring RC principles and techniques into other activist groups they are members of, such as labor, environmental, and feminist organizations, to expose them to RC on the pretext of making them more effective by "discharging" their members of their internalized oppressions. The RC-coined concepts "internalized oppression" and "co-counseling" have passed into the broader parlance of psychotherapy and self-help movements.
==See also==
* [[Erhard Seminars Training]], similar in its heavy borrowing from Scientology and claims to break up destructive behavior patterns
* [[Social Therapy]], similar in its claims to free people of systemic oppression based on a Marxist and identity politics analysis
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Extreme moonbattery]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Scientology]]</rev>
</revisions>
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<page pageid="4932" ns="0" title="Reaction formation">
<revisions>
<rev xml:space="preserve">{{Psychology}}
'''Reaction formation''' is a psychological term coined by the American criminologist Albert K. Cohen<ref>[http://criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/cohen.htm Albert K. Cohen faculty page], Florida State University</ref> to describe a theory of [[Sigmund Freud]]'s. The term refers to a defense mechanism employed by people with deeply held thoughts and beliefs that they consider to be socially unacceptable.
==Symptoms==
The reaction formation manifests itself as ''deliberate'' and ''obvious'' actions running exactly counter to their true feelings, perhaps as a form of overcompensation.<ref>"Reaction Formation" <i>Changing Minds</i> website [http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/coping/reaction_formation.htm]</ref>
The behavior may also be seen among people who believe themselves to be "inferior" in some way and are atoning for the perceived inferiority. Cohen in fact coined the term to describe just this sort of case, illustrating his belief that gang members committed crimes as a consequence of their perceptions of social inferiority.
Also, people who believe in ostracizing some group but are personally acquainted with one or more members of that group might act against the group collectively but not against individuals within it; examples include adherents to the doctrine of "hate the sin, love the sinner," as well as [[Misogyny|misogynists]] who are devoted to their wives, as in the case of the Scottish church reformer, John Knox.
In most cases, a person with reaction formation makes every effort to keep his/her true feelings hidden for fear of being labeled a '''[[Hypocrisy|hypocrite]]'''. However, some don't care how their actions make them look because their [[fundamentalist]] beliefs require them to act a certain way no matter what. For example, [[Alan Keyes]] has often stated his opposition to gay people. He has backed up his position by ostracizing his lesbian daughter, Maya. Therefore, Keyes does not exhibit signs of reaction formation,<ref>Unless he is in the closet.</ref> although he is still a hypocrite for being a self-styled advocate for [[family values]].
==Examples of reaction formation==
* A closeted [[homosexual]] who, outwardly, is [[George Rekers|a]] [[Ted Haggard|rampant]] [[Larry Craig|homophobe]].
* A [[homosexual]] who marries a partner of the opposite gender in an effort to prove, whether to others or to him/herself, that s/he is straight.<ref>Note that some homosexuals will marry a close friend of the opposite gender for love or legal reasons, such as adopting a child, without denying or ceasing practise of their preferred sexuality. This is also not critical of the {{wpl|lavender marriage}}, which is an attempt to sidestep the effects of ''other'' people's homophobia</ref>
* A parent who dotes on a child he/she secretly hates.
* A homophobic parent of a homosexual child.
* [[Jim Bakker|A philanderer]] who [[Jimmy Swaggart|chastises other promiscuous people]].
* [[wp:Patrick J. Kennedy|An addict]] who [[Rush Limbaugh|favors strict punishment]] for all substance abusers.
==Notable people who have exhibited reaction formation==
* Recovering oxycontin addict [[Rush Limbaugh]], who disdained medicinal [[marijuana]] initiatives and advoctaed for severe punishments for addicts on his radio show;<ref>[http://www.bradleyreport.net/commentary/StonedRush.htm Stoned Rush Limbaugh Makes Hypocritical History By Demanding Harsh Penalties For Other Drug Users]</ref>
* The Reverend [[Ted Haggard]], who preached from first-hand experience against homosexuality;
* Former Congressman [[Mark Foley]] (R-Fla), who liked young boys so much, he helped pass laws against sexual abuse of minors;
* Senator [[David Vitter]] (R-La), who campaigned against Bill Clinton's philandering perhaps because Clinton got it for free with a girl he'd known for more than five minutes.
* House Speaker [[Newt Gingrich]], who called on his own experience cheating on his wife while in one of the top political offices in the nation to decry Clinton's infidelity.
* Senator [[Larry Craig]] (R-Id), who opposed all gay rights legislation only to be busted for playing footsie with an undercover cop at the Minneapolis airport.
* [[Joseph Stalin]], who was an ethnic Georgian but believed Russians to be superior to Georgians, in consequence of which he became a ''very'' enthusiastic supporter of Russian culture.
It is quite possible that [[Fred Phelps]] might also have exhibited reaction formation in his deranged hatred of gays.
==See also==
* [[Cognitive dissonance]]
* [[Doublethink]]
* [[Transference]]
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Psychology]]</rev>
</revisions>
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