American Civil Liberties Union
Armondikov (Talk | contribs) (→Not to be {{rw|DysLexicon|confused}} with: more or less pointless) |
Armondikov (Talk | contribs) m |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | {{bronze}} | + | {{bronze}}{{Law}} |
| − | {{Law}} | + | |
| − | + | ||
The '''American Civil Liberties Union''' ("ACLU") is a [[United States]]-based organization dedicated to protecting [[human rights]]. This often leads them into conflict with [[conservative]] groups, but their dedication to [[freedom of Speech|free speech]] many times also leads them to defend the free speech rights of [[metapedia|racists]], [[Fred Phelps|bigots]], and other [[Ku Klux Klan|hatemongers]]. | The '''American Civil Liberties Union''' ("ACLU") is a [[United States]]-based organization dedicated to protecting [[human rights]]. This often leads them into conflict with [[conservative]] groups, but their dedication to [[freedom of Speech|free speech]] many times also leads them to defend the free speech rights of [[metapedia|racists]], [[Fred Phelps|bigots]], and other [[Ku Klux Klan|hatemongers]]. | ||
Revision as of 00:22, 26 September 2010
| It's not just a good idea |
| Random enforcement |
The American Civil Liberties Union ("ACLU") is a United States-based organization dedicated to protecting human rights. This often leads them into conflict with conservative groups, but their dedication to free speech many times also leads them to defend the free speech rights of racists, bigots, and other hatemongers.
According to the website, the main goal of the ACLU is to protect the First Amendment rights, the rights to equal treatment under the law, the right to due process and the right to privacy. Since it was founded in 1920, it has grown to over half a million supporters. The ACLU is split into two separate entities: a legislative lobbying group that pressures the American government to stay true to its values of freedom, and a litigation group which handles around 6,000 court cases each year.
The ACLU maintains 53 local chapters and affiliates, including one in each of the fifty states.
Contents |
Official positions
- Total freedom of speech; a stance that gets them into trouble with both ends of the political spectrum.
- The ACLU defends a formal separation of church and state; this includes opposition to school prayer and religious symbology in public and government owned buildings.
- Freedom of religion; the ACLU defends the right of individuals to express their religious beliefs in any manner that is not otherwise illegal.
- Affirmative action
- Pro-choice
- Promote voting (and removing barriers to voting).
- Promote the rights of the accused and prisoner's rights.
- Promote non-discrimination and equal rights (with respect to sex, race, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical and mental disability, and to a great degree also with respect to age, immigration status, HIV infection status, and probably a lot of other stuff too).
- Against the death penalty and corporal punishment.
- Against government surveillance of individuals and widespread collection of personal data.
- Against excessively punitive drug laws.
On Christianity
Although the ACLU is known for defending pretty much anyone who might need their services, it has come under fire for being an "atheist" or "anti-Christian" organization. This is generally based on its advocacy of the separation of church and state, reproductive rights, and LGBT equality, all of which pits it constantly against the religious right. Such a criticism is often part of the fundamentalist persecution complex; neutrality towards religion is considered to be hostility towards Christianity (which is clearly better than all other belief systems), and simple disagreement is mistaken for a desire to persecute. Less commonly the ACLU is criticized because some founders of the ACLU were irreligious and had socialist ties.[1]
These misconceptions are fueled by a certain ignorance of the law regarding religion in the US. An attack on public government religious expression generally has no bearing at all on the freedoms of private individuals and organizations, but the two are frequently confused in the public's mind.
In truth the ACLU has no stance on any particular religion (or atheism), and frequently represents Christians.[2] However, it is likely that it will remain controversial indefinitely, partly because essentially all of its positions inconvenience conservatives, and partly because the ACLU tends to represent people whom everybody hates. The ACLU takes the position that strict separation of church and state means public school buildings (for example) should not be used as space for Bible study groups, and tax dollars should not fund religious or parochial schools under the guise of charter schools, in both cases on the grounds that this would constitute the government respecting the establishment of religion. This is the source of much of the religious right's dislike of the ACLU, but they often misrepresent it as the ACLU being against any public display of religion, such as manger scenes at Christmas. This is untrue as the ACLU supports free speech including the free expression of religion; what they oppose is government funding or lending official support to religious activities in violation of the Establishment Clause.
Notable cases and activities
The ACLU has been a key player in several famous civil liberty cases since 1920. Some of these have been controversial because of the organization's history of fighting for freedom of speech regardless of what the speech is and for people's rights regardless of who those people are.
- The organization was instrumental in the Scopes trial only a few years after its founding, defending the teaching of evolution in the classroom.
- Instigated Brown v. Board of Education, which eventually led to the end of racial segregation in US public schools.
- Represented the Lovings in Loving v. Virginia, which legalized interracial marriage throughout the US.
- In 1973, the ACLU was involved in Roe v. Wade to defend reproductive rights.
- Filed suit in McLean v. Arkansas (1981), banning the teaching of creationism in public schools.
- Fought against a 1977 ruling outlawing Neo-Nazi activity. This move would cost the ACLU dearly, as a quarter of the affiliate membership resigned in protest.
- When the Westboro Baptist Church was banned from protesting, the ACLU was successful in defending their freedom of speech.
- Instigated Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District (2005), the trial that led to the banning of intelligent design in public schools.
- Involved in suing the state of California in In re Marriage Cases, a case which led to same-sex marriage being briefly legalized in 2008, before the passage of Proposition 8. The ACLU has been less prominent in Perry v. Schwarzenegger, the federal challenge to Prop. 8, in part because at first they were concerned about being set back by a conservative federal court.
The ACLU has been involved in some way (usually through amicus curiae briefs) in essentially every major national civil rights case since Brown. Among their more controversial cases are cases regarding religious practice in schools, an anti-discrimination case involving the Boy Scouts in 2000, and several cases involving pornography, including child pornography (while the ACLU does not support legalizing kiddie porn, they have criticized laws that they claim define it too broadly).
ACLU co-founder Felix Frankfurter and former ACLU lawyer Ruth Ginsburg both became Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oddly, Ginsburg has claimed that Frankfurter avoided hiring her as a law clerk for sexist reasons when he was a part of SCOTUS.
Criticism
Sixties radical Abbie Hoffman, in a section of Steal This Book on legal help, advised readers to beware of the ACLU's reputation for losing the case while making a legal point. His implication was the ACLU's interest in a case may or may not always coincide with the best interest of the defendant. The ACLU does tend to be selective in what cases they involve themselves in, based on what will effectively establish future legal precedents. More recently Wendy Kaminer, a former ACLU board member wrote a book length criticism of the ACLU (Worst Instincts: Cowardice, Conformity, and the ACLU) accusing the organization of being more interested in fundraising and riding on their past reputation than in seriously challenging Bush- and Obama-era attacks on civil liberties and privacy in the wake of 9/11.