Daesh

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'''Battle of Tikrit'''
 
'''Battle of Tikrit'''
  
Only days after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned the U.S. Congress in person of the danger of growing Iranian influence in the region and its determination to secure nuclear weapons, Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]] was appointed by the [[Ayatollah Khamenei]] as the battlefield commander of forces to retake the city of Tikrit from Daesh. The force under Solemeini's command consists of only one quarter Iraqi Security Forces and three quarters Shi'ite militias organized and funded by Iran during the Iraqi insurgency of 2003-2011. Some Sunni militias from the American backed Iraqi Awakening Councils also are participating. Solemeini is on a sanctions list by the [[United Nations]] for {{wpl|United Nations Security Council Resolution 1737|violations of international conventions on limiting nuclear proliferation}}.<ref>http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1737/desindv.shtml </ref>
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Only days after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned the U.S. Congress in person of the danger of growing Iranian influence in the region and its determination to secure nuclear weapons, Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]] was appointed by the [[Ayatollah Khamenei]] as the battlefield commander of forces to retake the city of Tikrit from Daesh.<ref>http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/blog/intercepts/2015/03/02/iraq-iran-is-war-terrorism/24270363/</ref><ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/03/strategy-tikrit-mosul-150312085053736.html</ref> The force under Solemeini's command consists of only one quarter Iraqi Security Forces and three quarters Shi'ite militias organized and funded by Iran during the Iraqi insurgency of 2003-2011. Some Sunni militias from the American backed Iraqi Awakening Councils also are participating. Solemeini is on a sanctions list by the [[United Nations]] for {{wpl|United Nations Security Council Resolution 1737|violations of international conventions on limiting nuclear proliferation}}.<ref>http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1737/desindv.shtml </ref>
  
 
== Allegations of war crimes and atrocities ==
 
== Allegations of war crimes and atrocities ==

Revision as of 19:54, 12 March 2015

What is it good for? Absolutely nothing!

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The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (or ISIL), the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (or ISIS), the Islamic State in Iraq (or ISI), the Mujahideen Shura Council[1] and currently self-described as the Islamic State,[2] (they really like changing their name), though the Arabic world knows them pejoratively by the acronym DAESH (داعش), which omits references to "Islamic" in their Arabic name (الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fil 'Irāq wa ash-Shām, roughly "The Islamic State in Iraq and Greater Syria")[3] is a Jihadist terrorist group in Iraq and Syria[1] with a CIA estimate of 20,000-31,500 fighters.[4]

In 2014 Daesh seized a significant amount of turf in Syria and Iraq and declared the territory under their control to be a sovereign state and a new Caliphate under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Local jihadist bands in the non-contiguous areas of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Khorasan (Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of India[5]), Libya and Algeria have sworn allegiance to the Caliphate and are considered by the Islamic State as provinces.[6] Nigeria's Boko Haram movement has expressed support for Baghdadi as Caliph[7] but has not publicly been accepted by DAESH as part of the Islamic State. DAESH also boasts legions of lone-wolf operatives worldwide in the global jihad.

Contents

Internal organization and Ideology

Daesh is a peculiar amalgamation of Salafism/takfirism[wp] and Ba'athism. The dominant strain believes in an absolute rejection of any innovation (bid'ah[wp]) since the times of Mohammad. Any diversion from a literal reading of the Qur'an and the Hadith is blasphemy, and must be eradicated. Anything and anyone that does not conform to Daesh's interpretation of Islam, should be destroyed. This is the essence of takfirism.

The other strand in its hierarchy and leadership is Ba’athism, a network of disenfranchised military commanders from the de-Baathification process who joined forces between 2008 and 2010.[8] Even though Ba'athists are secular and always enforced a separation of religion and state, they are now credited with Daesh's early military successes. Ba'athists share with the Salafi leadership of Daesh a desire for rule by a self-appointed elite clique behind a single leader. The Ba'athist commanders see the Salafi-jihad ideology as more powerful a motivating force than stale secular political ideologies.

It remains to be seen how enthusiastic the Ba'athist military commanders will embrace the Salafi/takfiri ideology themselves.[9]

The main cabinet of Daesh currently has 6 members responsible for the areas of general management, prisons, security, finance, transport and recruitment of foreign jihadis.[10]

Financing

Unlike most terrorist organizations, Daesh appears to be well-funded and its fanatical soldiers are said to be surprisingly competent fighters who are "very professional, well trained, motivated and equipped. They operate like a state with a military."[11]

In its heydey al Qaeda was making about $25 to $30 million per year according to intelligence estimates; by contrast, Daesh was raking in approximately $2 million a day off its stolen oil wells (at mid 2014 prices), looted at least $400 million in cash and cash equivalents when it overran the Bank of Mosul, has collected seven figure ransoms off its kidnapping ventures, and other sources including trafficking in women and children, selling dope, and extortion.

Regional and outside allegiances

In November 2014 Daesh leader Ibrihim al-Badri announced the formation of “wilayats,” or provinces of the Islamic State within Libya, Algeria, Yemen, the Sinai, and Saudi Arabia. Badri further acknowledged followers in Tunisia and Morocco without granting them wilayat status. The 5th edition of Daesh's propaganda rag Dabiq the same month acknowledged supporters in “Khurasan (Afghanistan), al-Qawqaz (Caucuses), Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines, and elsewhere.” Daesh claimed it would establish wilayat in these areas eventually, with “either the appointment or recognition of leadership by the Khalifah for those lands where multiple groups have given bay’at (allegiance) and merged, or the establishment of a direct line of communication between the Khalifah and the mujahid leadership of lands who have yet to contact the Islamic State and thus receive information and directives from the Khalifah.”

Corruption

The city of Raqqa in Syria is known as the unofficial capital of the Daesh. In February 2015 it was reported the Governor of Raqqa was executed for plotting a coup against the leadership.[12] Mass arrests and mass executions of foreign volunteers along with stolen cash and defections have also been reported.[13]

Managing the occupation

While Daesh is said to place a high premium on the religious views of its foreign recruits, it suffers from a shortage of qualified imams in towns under its occupation in Eastern Syria and Western Iraq. It has been forced to use imams with limited religious training in Sunni controlled mosques of the Naqshbandi order or its Khaznawi branch before Daesh arrived.[14]

Racism and anti-Shiism

DAESH is responsible for the ethnic cleansing of all sects and races (whilst they love to accept Black African converts) they disagree with,[15] as well as consistent civilian causalities. They give all civilians the option of forced conversion to their particular interpretation of Islam, to be extorted, or death, and sometimes they execute converts to keep them "pure." The brutality is such that an entire group of people absolutely no one heard of before August of 2014 (well, kinda), the Yazidis, are at risk of genocide.

The group is also known for their anti-Shiism and demonstrated this by attacking Shiites and blowing up the Uwais al-Qarni Mosque in May 2014.[16]

Early phases of belligerency

Originally founded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi as the Group for Monotheism and Jihad, Daesh became known as al-Qaeda in Iraq in 2004 and later the Islamic State after the U.S. troop withdrawal in late 2011. It holds a designation as a foreign terrorist organization by the United States Department of State.[17] Its current leader Caliph Ibrahim al-Badri[18] was broken out of Abu Ghraib prison in July 2013 by Daesh along with several hundred other experienced jihadists.[19] On June 30, 2014 they declared themselves a Sunni caliphate with al-Badri as the “Commander of the Faithful,” a term essentially declaring him leader of all Muslims (which is not even true in Iraq as fellow Sunni Kurds and Arabs fight against them).[20]

Expelled from al Qaeda

Daesh was disowned by al-Qaeda in April 2013 for excess brutality toward civilians and the murder of al Qaeda representatives and commanders.[21] (Yes, really.) Al-Nusra Front, the Syrian al Qaeda branch began fighting them.

Daesh has not been known for building alliances, rather it demands subservience and allegiance. In late 2014 reports emerged of local al-Nusra militias making truces and agreements for joint operations,[22][23], however this has proven to be misinformation and propaganda by Daesh to promote itself in the wider jihadist movement.[24] and test their ability to manipulate mainstream Western media and influence their public image worldwide.

The remnants of Saddam's disenfranchised Ba'athist militia (JRTN) who have not joined Daesh have been fighting the Iranian backed Shi'ite regime in Baghdad. They appear to be the leading Sunni alternative to Daesh. Early on, local militias representing JRTN and Daesh did cooperate in Kurdistan, but later clashed in Anbar province.[25]

Invasion and occupation commences

Obliterating the Sykes-Picot

During and immediately after the U.S. troop surge of 2007,[wp] core Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) commanders and jihadis crossed over the Sykes-Picot line[wp] into Syria, beyond the reach of American forces as authorized by law.[26] Here they regrouped and prepared for an eventual assault upon the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad, and a resumption of hostilities with the Shiite-dominated Baghdad regime as a drawdown of American forces took place with the change of control in Washington of congress and the administration. When the time was right, Daesh advanced quickly across the Sykes-Picot and captured the city of Mosul - a city of 1,000,000 - with a a force reported to be between 800 and 2,000 jihadis.[27]

In Mosul Daesh seized 39.151 kg (about 88 pounds) of nuclear materials from the university's physics department.[28] In December 2014 an alleged Daesh weapons maker claimed on social media a "radioactive device" had entered Europe.[29]

Course of the war

Arguably their most extraordinary feat to date is to get NATO, Russia, Syria, Iran, the Arab League and Gulf States (yes, that includes Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE[30]), the Kurdish nationalists of Iraq and Syria, and the Kurdish Communists[31] of the Kurdistan Workers' Party to begin coordinating resistance. The last person to inspire such a disparate coalition of "allies" was a demented painter from Vienna. Indeed, some of their own members have left, disaffected by the degree of extremism. Iranian backed Hezbollah has fought against Daesh [32], too.

U.S. intervention

The Obama administration has since conducted air strikes on areas occupied by the Daesh, first in Iraq (starting at Mount Sinjar to help the Yazidis) before heading over to Syria. A sizable chunk of their income is from the oil being sold on the black market. Recent US airstrikes on Daesh facilities has managed to significantly decrease their output.[33][34] However, it could be argued current war operation against the Islamic State is illegal, because it was done without Congressional authorization, let alone approval from the United Nations. Nevertheless, America has received assistance from Australia, Canada, and Britain (all three of which have authorized it through their parliaments), with the Gulf monarchies (which don't need no steenkin' parliaments) and other Mideast states offering help. Jordan, meanwhile, has reportedly closed its borders to Syrian refugees[35] due in part to the risk of Daesh infiltrators, although the simple economic strain of being a small country that has taken on 618,000 refugees in three years was also probably a factor[36].

Kurds and Turks

Battle of Kobani

There is some evidence that airstrikes, when used in coordination with Kurdish and PKK ground forces, have been tactically helpful in driving Daesh militants back from a few areas such as the Mosul Dam, Zumar, and Rabia (in the Nineveh plains in Iraq) and Kobane (a Kurdish city in Syria),[37] which sits on the border. Syrian Kurdish paramilitary spokesman Polat Can called the airstrikes "numerous and effective," but added that reluctance of the Turks stalled the operation.[38] Turks demanded a clear commitment in assisting the overthrow of the Assad regime to help drive Iranian influence out of the Mediterranean coastal region.[39] The Siege of Kobane - the center of a wheat growing area necessary to the economy of Daesh to feed the population under occupation - lasted for 134 days and leveled the town.[40] Because so many Kurdish males had been exterminated by Daesh, female Kurdish fighters are credited with the ground victory.[41]

Reawakening the Awakening

The U.S. has had difficulty activating Sunni resistance as ground forces after abandoning the Iraqi Awakening Councils[wp] organized during the "troop surge" of 2007-2009. These Sunni tribes were asked to help support the Shi'a Baghdad regime against the insurgent Islamic State in Iraq. Many Sunni tribesman who cooperated with the U.S. and the Shi'a dominated regime have since either defected to Daesh or have been executed en masse, their property plundered, and their wives and children enslaved.

Gulf Cooperation Council

The US has assisted in helping to create a task force of Gulf states to battle Daesh.[42]

Iranian intervention

Iran likewise has sent airstrikes in Iraq against Daesh but denies coordinating with the U.S. In Syria, the Assad regime for a time was following on the heels of U.S. and coalition airstrikes to garner the impression on the ground that the U.S. was aiding the Assad regime. Since al-Nusra acquired American TOW missiles this hasn't been a problem.[43]

Battle of Tikrit

Only days after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned the U.S. Congress in person of the danger of growing Iranian influence in the region and its determination to secure nuclear weapons, Gen. Qasem Soleimani was appointed by the Ayatollah Khamenei as the battlefield commander of forces to retake the city of Tikrit from Daesh.[44][45] The force under Solemeini's command consists of only one quarter Iraqi Security Forces and three quarters Shi'ite militias organized and funded by Iran during the Iraqi insurgency of 2003-2011. Some Sunni militias from the American backed Iraqi Awakening Councils also are participating. Solemeini is on a sanctions list by the United Nations for violations of international conventions on limiting nuclear proliferation[wp].[46]

Allegations of war crimes and atrocities

  • Amnesty International reports Daesh beheaded 15 individuals, including 7 children, in the village of al-Tleiliye, Northern Syria. [2]
  • Daesh executed some 600 male inmates from a prison outside the northern Iraqi city of Mosul on June 10, 2014.
  • Daesh took credit for the wholesale massacre of 1700 cadets at Camp Speicher near Tikrit on June 11, 2014. The cadets were disarmed after being taken prisoner.
  • On August 28, 2014 Daesh videotaped the mass execution of 220 unarmed, stripped naked soldiers captured at the Tabqa air base in Syria.[47]
  • 13 teenage boys were executed in Mosul for watching a soccer match between the apostate Jordanians and the rafida Iraqis who lost the match on television.[48]
  • On September 22, 2014 survivors reported Daesh used chlorine gas against a regiment of the Iraqi National Army at Saqlawiya, near Fallujah.
  • The beheadings of journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, and aid workers David Haines, Alan Henning, and Abdul-Rahman (formerly Peter Kassig) after his conversion to Islam.
  • On 3 January 2015 a captured Jordanian pilot, Moaz al-Kasasbeh, was burned alive by Daesh militia.
  • The Yazidi enslavement, human trafficing, and genocide. According to human rights activist Nazand Begikhani 2,500 Yazidi women have been kidnapped; others estimates put the number upward of 4,600 Yazidi women unaccounted for, and their male relatives executed.[49] The United Nations estimates around 5000 Yazidis have been murdered.
  • Ethnic cleansing of other minority groups, the Sabean Mandeans, Turkmen Shia, and Assyrian Christians, along with their children.[50] U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Diane Feinstein maintains the photographic evidence of beheading 6 year old children is authentic.[51]
  • A U.N. report put the death toll at the hands of Daesh in the first 8 months of 2014 at more than 9400, the majority of which were Muslims.[52]
  • Daesh crimes are not limited to non-Sunnis: "insolent" Sunni tribesmen and clerics who refuse to swear allegiance to the Caliphate have been murdered in vast numbers. [3]

Lonewolf attacks

DAESH's decentralized command structure encourages the use of so-called "lonewolf" attacks. The Salafi Islamic scholar Abū Muhammad al-‘Adnānī[53] issued a fatwa in late 2014 stating,

Strike their police, security, and intelligence members. If you can kill a disbelieving American or European – especially the spiteful and filthy French – or an Australian, or a Canadian, or any other disbeliever from the disbelievers waging war against the Islamic State, then rely upon Allah, and kill him in any manner or way however it may be.

Some American and Western counterintelligence agencies have had difficulty coming to terms with these "lonewolf attacks", reluctant to hold Daesh responsible without evidence of operational planning, despite a lonewolf perpetrator leaving a videotaped message swearing allegiance to the Caliph and the Islamic State. The Islamic State's own propaganda rag boasts[54]

A general in a conventional army couldn’t possibly hope to have such power over men he’d never met on the other side of the world...to actually step up and [kill] at the behest of a man they had never met, never seen, fighting in a country several thousand miles away... with nothing more than words and a shared belief in the act of worship that is jihad.
  • In Queens, New York, Zale Thompson attacked four policemen with a hatchet.
  • In Australia, Numan Haider stabbed two counter-terrorism police officers.
  • Two Canadian soldiers were run over in Quebec by Martin Couture-Rouleau.
  • In the Canadian capital of Ottawa, a soldier was shot and killed in front of the War Memorial by 32 year-old Michael Zehaf-Bibeau on 22 October 2014, who then entered Canada’s Parliament building looking for other targets before being shot and killed by police.
  • Belgium. A French citizen named Mehdi Nemmouche killed four people in the Jewish Museum in Brussels.[55]
  • Amedy Coulibaly killed a French policewoman and four customers at a kosher supermarket in Paris.[56]
  • An Algerian group beheaded French mountain guide Hervé Gourdel.

Positive Civil Government Achievements

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Conspiracy theories

To no one's surprise, conspiracy theorists have argued that ISIS is a U.S./Israeli creation, intended to further destabilize the region and to possibly be used in an attempt to overthrow Assad, rather than seeing ISIS' emergence as a by-product of a history of failed U.S. intervention. [57].

There is a degree of overlap in American and ISIS goals: they both hate Iran and they both want Assad out of Syria, which is why Washington wasn't really that eager to do much when the CIA-armed Syrian opposition began flocking to the Islamic State. It was only after ISIS attacked oil-rich Iraq that Washington got involved. It is also true that ISIS originated from Al Qaeda in Iraq, a by-product of the 2003 invasion. Al Qaeda in Iraq reemerged as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, one of the strongest Islamist groups fighting against the Assad government in Syria, with help from the CIA, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, but to say they were planted there as a false flag operation is downright silly.

Other's, notably Iranian exile groups, claim Daesh was "created in Iraq by [former Iraqi Premier Maliki] and the Iranian regime" [58] as a means to expand Iranian power and influence over Iraq and gain sympathy from residence of Sunni refugee camps in and around Baghdad.

Further reading

  • The Administration of Savagery, Abu Bakr Naji. English translation by William McCants, the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University, 2006. A strategic handbook used by Daesh jihadis.

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Some answers about the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, McClatchy
  2. Iraqi Kurdish leader Barzani seeks weapons to fight IS, BBC
  3. France is ditching the ‘Islamic State’ name — and replacing it with a label the group hates, Washington Post
  4. IS has 20,000–31,500 fighters in Iraq and Syria: CIA, AFP
  5. Islamic State appoints leaders of 'Khorasan province,' issues veiled threat to Afghan Taliban, Longwar Journal, January 27, 2015.
  6. Audio Message by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi – Even if the Disbelievers Despise Such, November 13th, 2014, by Pieter Van Ostaeyen, pietervanostaeyen.wordpress.com
  7. Nigeria’s Boko Haram Joins ‘Islamic State’, 25 August 2014. onislam.net
  8. "the ISIS leadership council is 100 percent Iraqi, saying that Baghdadi would not accept any other nationality, since he does not trust anyone. The number of people in the council always changes, ranging between eight and 13 people. The leadership of the council is held by three former Iraqi army officers who served during the regime of Saddam Hussein." January 10, 2014. They are, Abu Ayman al Iraqi aka Abu Mohammad al Sweidawi, Senior Leader and Member of the Military Council, Former Colonel in Saddam-era Air Force Intelligence; and Abu Abdulrahman al Bilawi aka Adnan Ismail Najm, Former Senior leader of Military Council, Killed in Anbar Province June 2014; Fadil Ahmad Abdallah Hayyali aka Abu Muslim al Turkmani, Deputy to al Baghdadi, Former Lt. Col. in Saddam-era military intelligence, reported dead near Mosul November 2014.
  9. The Islamic State, Richard Barrett, The Soufan Group, November 2014.
  10. http://www.mapsofworld.com/islamic-state/
  11. ISIS an 'Incredible' Fighting Force, US Special Ops Sources Say, ABC
  12. http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-raqqa-governor-allegedly-executed-prompting-wave-arrests-defection-1802820
  13. http://aranews.net/2015/02/islamic-state-executes-prominent-members-planned-coup/
  14. Secret Programs in ISIS Training Camps; Sharia or Sword, January 25, 2015.
  15. Iraq: Ethnic Cleanisng on Historic Scale, Amnesty International
  16. Syria Daily, May 31: Another 96 Killed as Barrel Bombs Fall on Aleppo eaworldview.com
  17. Terrorist Designations of Groups Operating in Syria, State.gov
  18. Former prisoners fueling extremist militias in Iraq and Syria, Circa
  19. Escaped Inmates From Iraq Fuel Syrian Insurgency, The New York Times
  20. Iraq crisis: Isis changes name and declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East, The Independent
  21. Al Qaeda’s Top Envoy Killed in Syria by Rival Rebel Group, TIME Magazine, February 24, 2014.
  22. http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-nusra-front-20141128-story.html#page=2
  23. http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/isis-nusra-front-agree-to-stop-fighting-each-other-in-syria-1.2834329
  24. The Islamic State and Jabhat al-Nusra: A Looming Grand Jihadi Alliance?, Aymenn Al-Tamimi, November 14th, 2014.
  25. The Iraqi Sunni Actors Taking on the Islamic State, AINA, 2014-11-06 from http://www.janes.com
  26. The 2003 AUMF limited operations to within Iraq.
  27. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/11/mosul-isis-gunmen-middle-east-states
  28. The strange case of Iraq's missing uranium, Bob Kelley, IHS Janes 360, 14 July 2014.
  29. Alleged IS Weapons-Maker Claims that “Radioactive Device” has Entered Europe, 8 December 2014, SITE Intel.
  30. What Do America's Arab Partners Against ISIS Really Want?, Huffington Post
  31. The Kurdish Worker's Party (PKK) is a designated terrorist group by the U.S. State Dept.; during the Battle of Kobani (October 3024 - February 2015) with strong PKK resistance to Daesh, the NATO aligned Turkey resisted any assistance to the PKK. [1]
  32. http://abcnews.go.com/International/lebanons-army-asks-aid-isis/story?id=25087105
  33. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/world/middleeast/struggling-to-starve-isis-of-oil-revenue-us-seeks-assistance-from-turkey.html
  34. http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/target-isis-us-airstrikes-pound-isis-oil-facilities-26311774
  35. Jordan border closed to Syrian refugees, aid groups say, UPI
  36. Jordan's taken almost two million Palestinian refugees in the recent past, along with other groups.
  37. “Iraq–Syria–Kurdistan”, A first-person report received on October 12th, 2014. http://en.contrainfo.espiv.net/
  38. http://civiroglu.net/2014/10/14/ypg_usa/
  39. [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ankara-urges-pyd-leader-to-join-ranks-of-free-syrian-army-against-al-assad.aspx?pageID=238&nID=72545&NewsCatID=510
  40. The Islamic State, Richard Barrett, The Soufan Group, November 2014.
  41. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/kobani-how-sacrifice-local-knowledge-heroism-kurdish-female-fighters-beat-isis-1487358
  42. http://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-led-war-on-isis-now-has-a-logo-2014-12
  43. Military Aid to Terrorists: US Supplied Al Qaeda Rebels in Syria with TOW Anti-Tank Missiles, By Maram Susli, Global Research, December 27, 2014.
  44. http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/blog/intercepts/2015/03/02/iraq-iran-is-war-terrorism/24270363/
  45. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/03/strategy-tikrit-mosul-150312085053736.html
  46. http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1737/desindv.shtml
  47. The mass execution of 220 Syrian soldiers near Tabqa airbase, 30, AUGUST 2014 / SYRIANFIGHT.
  48. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/20/islamic-state-terrorists-kill-13-teen-boys-for-wat/
  49. ISIS-published Q&A on how to treat female slaves, AWDNews, 09 December 2014.
  50. http://www.catholic.org/news/international/middle_east/story.php?id=56339
  51. http://thehill.com/policy/defense/218441-feinstein-isis-is-beheading-children
  52. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IQ/UNAMI_OHCHR_POC_Report_FINAL_6July_10September2014.pdf
  53. https://pietervanostaeyen.wordpress.com/2014/06/12/shaykh/
  54. Dabiq #5, pp 37-38.
  55. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27654505
  56. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yds69vfPsRM
  57. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1zGJApfbDc "ISIS: Creation of the CIA," Alex Jones Channel.
  58. http://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/ashraf-liberty/15694-iraq-qasem-soleimani-asks-maliki-to-attack-camp-liberty-disguised-as-daesh
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