Astroturf
Astroturf is a term used to describe organizations or movements that are created or funded by large corporations, rich benefactors, or professional full-time activists, that have been contrived to appear to be "grassroots" movements formed by regular folks. It is named for a brand of artificial grass used in sports arenas and elsewhere (pioneered at the Astrodome - get it?).
For example, a slick glossy publication called The New Hampshire Smoker tried to present itself as the journal of a grassroots group formed to "protect smoker's rights". However, in the fine print it said "Published by Philip-Morris" -- a major cigarette manufacturer. The tobacco industry was notorious for its astroturf groups, such as TASSC.
In the real world, it is sometimes difficult to discern between hard-core "astroturf" and genuine "grassroots" organisations, since interested commercial entities will often provide some funding to groups that were formed by real people. Although it is theoretically possible for a determined group of individuals to take over and wrest control away from a corporate sponsor, turning astroturf into the real thing, the odds are strongly against this, since money is the backbone of modern political activism.
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[edit] Examples of astroturfing on the Internet
All of the examples in this section meet the following criteria:
- It's unclear who is behind it and/or the relationship between the site and the company is not disclosed[1]
- Obvious bias towards a product/company/organisation (reads like a puff piece)
- Amateurish feel[2]
[edit] Nivea Oxygen Blog
The Oxygen Blog was launched to praise Nivea's scientifically dubious 'face oxygen' products. These were also accompanied by their now infamous "Too busy to breathe?" adverts.[3] Leaving aside the dubious nature of this product range, the blog itself has a few characteristics that are indicative of astroturfing.
There is no clear statement as to who made the site or their reasons for doing so. There are some references to Nivea in the "we" sense, but then other comments refer to Nivea as if it's a separate entity. Who is the maker of the blog? The blog appears to have been made by the DBM Group. This company describes itself as a "Social Media Consultancy", i.e. marketing, and describes "word of mouth advocacy" as the way in which brands can become "the next big thing". Such sites blur the lines a little, since it's difficult to know where the corporation ends and the genuine fans begin. The main poster on the blog is Candice, a woman with a very wide range of interests. She has blogged about Nivea, Lego, Tresemmé and Jebus knows how many other products. Candice can always be trusted to have unique access to special offers, and to show an almost slavish devotion to whatever product she's 'blogging' about this week. In fairness to Candice, she did publish my slightly critical comment[4]. I was in a minority though, since everyone else seemed to rate the products so highly as to warrant a street parade.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] Footnotes
- ↑ There may be a number of links or references to the company being hawked, but there's no obvious link to state that the page was created by (or for) the company in question. References to the company or more commonly delivered in the style of "Wow, our friends at RationalWiki have a treat in store for you!". We understand naturally that actors in adverts are being paid to enjoy the product they're selling, but these websites are designed to blur the line. Infomercials have been doing the same for a long time, but they are required to clearly identify themselves as being adverts.
- ↑ This is somewhat vague, but astroturf websites will typically try to mimic the ways in which normal people would communicate, or create an informal style of communicating. This to give the impression that the content was created by fans of the product - not corporate shills!
- ↑ Nivea hawks its pseudoscientific Oxygen products with a delightfully moronic advert. Too busy to breathe? Just use oxygenated skin cream! They may as well suggest holding the anus open as an alternative method of respiration
- ↑ Comment made by Sean: Oxygen rich foods make me fart