Massacres in the name of a peaceful faith

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Burning people alive in the name of God's love.
Preach to the choir
Religion
Icon religion.svg
Crux of the matter
Speak of the devil
An act of faith
As long as people continue to believe absurdities they will continue to commit atrocities.
Voltaire.[1]
Religion is based... primarily and mainly upon fear. Fear is the basis of the whole thing – fear of the mysterious, fear of defeat, fear of death. Fear is the parent of cruelty, and therefore it is no wonder if cruelty and religion have gone hand-in-hand.
Bertrand Russell, British philosopher.[2]

There have, in the course of history, been numerous massacres by believers in YHWH, Allah, and Jesus. This is something they don't like to mention when they talk of God's love, or Allah the merciful and compassionate. Fuck 'em, here's a list of their crimes:

Old Testament[edit]

See the main article on this topic: Old Testament
  • Ten massacres of the enemies of God ("enemies of God" includes children laughing at someone's bald patch, 2 Kings 2:23-24).
  • We won't go into all the massacres God had the Israelites commit against the Canaanites and others in Exodus, since the evidence indicates those never actually happened. Pointing that out makes literalists unhappy, but it gets Christians and Jews off the hook for some large-scale atrocities that their (physical or spiritual) ancestors never actually committed.

Roman Empire[edit]

See the main article on this topic: Roman Empire
  • State-sanctioned murder of Christians by pagans until Christianity became the official religion.
  • State-sanctioned murder of pagans by Christians until there were no more pagans left.
    • Of particular note are numerous massacres of pagans by Christian mobs in the fourth and fifth centuries CE.

Middle Ages[edit]

See the main article on this topic: Middle Ages
Constant pogroms followed by expulsions plagued the entire Jewish population of Europe for many centuries.
If any one of the race of the Saxons hereafter concealed among them shall have wished to hide himself unbaptized, and shall have scorned to come to baptism and shall have wished to remain a pagan, let him be punished by death.
—"Ordinances concerning Saxony" — legal code issued by Charlemagne, c. 782 CE[3]
  • The Muslim conquests (ordered by Muhammad, carried on after his death) shortly after Islam's foundation, led to numerous massacres of pagan Arabs and Iranian Zoroastrians for not converting to Islam.
  • Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem: Jews purchased thousands of Christian prisoners from the Persian Empire and massacred them.[5]
  • Massacre of Verden: in October 782 after the Saxon pagans rebelled against forced Christianization, Charlemagne had 4,500 captive rebel Saxons executed. Historian Alessandro Barbero comments that the most likely inspiration for the mass execution of Verden was the Biblical tale of the total extermination of the Amalekites and conquest of the Moabites by David.[6][7]
  • The Fez pogrom of 1033: Amazigh Moroccan tribes massacred more than 6,000 Jewish citizens of the city of Fez shortly after conquering the city.[8]
  • The Granada Massacre of 1066: A Muslim mob crucified a Jewish vizier and brutally massacred the city's Jewish population.[9][10] About 4,000 killed.[11]
  • The Crusades: an estimated 20 million victims in the Middle East over the centuries of religious warfare, based on contemporary estimates.[12]
    • Rhineland massacres: Crusaders during the First Crusade committed mass murder against the Jewish population of western Germany.[13] About 12,000 killed.[14]
    • 1097 Antioch massacre: Crusaders murdered thousands of Muslim and Christian civilians, unable to tell them apart.[15]
    • 1098 Ma'arra massacre: Weary and hungry Cruasders killed and cannibalized (!) several thousand Muslim civilians.[16]
    • Battle of Ascalon: 200,000 Muslims slaughtered "in the name of Our Lord Jesus Christ."[12]
    • 1099 Jerusalem massacre: Crusaders butchered Jerusalem's Muslim and Jewish population in a cold-blooded act of ethnic cleansing.[17]
    • Fall of Edessa: Islamic forces executed all foreign-born Christians in Edessa after capturing the city in an unprovoked attack.[18]
    • Richard the Lionheart's massacre: The king of England ordered the execution of 2,700 Muslim prisoners due to Saladin's failure to pay a ransom.[19]
    • Albigensian Crusade: Crusaders murdered over 200,000 Cathars in France.[20]
    • The Sack of Constantinople in 1204: Crusaders destroyed the Byzantine capitol, killing an unknown but high number of their fellow Christians.[12][21]
  • Massacre of the Latins: In 1182, Eastern Orthodox Christians wiped out the Catholic population of Constantinople, killing 60,000 to 80,000.[22][23]
  • York pogrom: A pogrom incited by prominent locals who were in debt to Jewish moneylenders murdered several Jews and drove the rest, an estimated 150, to barricade themselves in Clifford's Tower,Wikipedia where they killed themselves rather than be captured by the mob.[24] The few survivors were killed after begging for a Christian baptism.[25] So much for loving thy neighbor.
  • Timurid conquests: Islamic Mongol ruler Timur, also called Tamerlane, led a reign of terror over southern Asia while calling himself the "defender of Islam", committing genocides against Indian Hindus, Egyptian and Turkish "usurpers", and Middle Eastern Christians.[26][27] He justified his campaigns against his fellow Muslims by describing them as "bad"; one infamous incident saw him behead 90,000 people in Baghdad so he could build towers with their skulls.[28] In total, Timur killed an estimated 17 million people on his insane quest for Islamic dominance and purification.[29]
  • The Valentine's Day Massacre: Several hundred to 2,000 Jews were burned to death in Strasbourg by Christians blaming them for the Black Death.[30]
  • Attack on Mainz: A Christian mob attacked the Jewish population of Mainz, Germany and killed 3,000 due to hysteria over the Black Death.[31]
  • 1391 massacres: A Catholic priest in Seville, Spain incited the city's Christians into mass killing over 10,000 Jews during their holy week.[32]

Early Modern era[edit]

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Religion of peace!
  • Spanish Inquisition: Torquemada alone is estimated to be responsible for about 10,000 executions.[12]
  • Polotsk drownings: Ivan the Terrible ordered his soldiers to drown 300 Jews to death for refusing to convert to Christianity.[33]
  • Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan: in 1520, Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado ordered the unprovoked massacre of many thousands of Aztec citizens due to his revulsion towards one of their religious festivals.[34][35]
  • The German Peasant's War (1524-1525): German peasants inspired by the ideals of the Protestant Reformation rose up against the Catholic Church, resulting in a war that killed 100,000 people.[36]
  • Massacre of Cajamarca: Spanish conquistadores executed an entire army of the Inca Empire during an unprovoked attack in 1532, including Inca ruler Atahualpa.[37] This began the near-total destruction of Inca culture and religion.
  • The Münster Rebellion of 1534: Anabaptists took over the city of Münster and turned it into a brutal theocracy; local Catholics responded by killing 600 people and torturing the movement's three leaders to death.[38]
  • Pilgrimage of Grace (1536-37): Responding to a revolt in northern England in protest of his religious policy, King Henry VIII broke the truce he established with the rebels and executed several hundred people, some by dismemberment.[39]
  • Portuguese Inquisition: not as bloody as some historians consider the Spanish Inquisition, but around 40,000 executions are believed to have taken place.[40]
  • Mérindol massacre of 1545: Francis I of France ordered the deaths of thousands of Waldenisan heretics in Provence in an unprovoked attack against civilians.[41]
  • Marian Persecutions (1553-1558): "Bloody" Mary I of England began a persecution campaign against Protestants following her ascension to the throne. Protestants were ordered to either go into exile or convert to Catholicism, with at least 287 Protestant martyrs being burned alive.[42]
  • French Wars of Religion (1562-1598): a long series of wars between French Catholics and French Huguenots (Calvinists) which tore the country apart for decades. The wars notably featured numerous massacres carried out against civilians by religious fanatics. Between 2,000,000 and 4,000,000 people were killed as a result of war, famine, and disease.[43]
    • Massacre of Wassy: Francis, Duke of Guise ordered 63 Huguenot worshippers to be murdered without cause out of personal anger, inciting the religious wars in 1562.[44]
    • Massacre of Sens: French Catholics celebrated Easter in 1562 by tying about 100 Huguenots to poles and drowning them in the Yonne river.[45]
    • Toulouse riots: in 1562, Huguenots and Catholics clashed violently over the span of a week, killing 3,000 to 5,000 people.[46]
    • The 1572 Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France left up to 30,000 Protestants dead.[47] This was the largest massacre of the wars and occurred across the country. It also notably occurred in between the religious wars, making it even more galling for happening during peacetime.
  • Massacre in Florida: Spanish colonial troops massacred about 200 French colonists in Florida in 1565, only sparing the Catholics.[48]
  • The Spanish Terror: During the Eighty Years War, Spanish armies destroyed multiple Dutch Protestant cities to put down religious/nationalist rebels, killing more than 8,000.[49][50]
  • Witch trials: 40,000 women put to death by hysterical Christian witch trials during Europe's wars of religion.[51]
  • Thirty Years War: Tensions between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and various Protestant states spiraled into a devastating continental war that killed between five and ten million people.[52]
    • The Sack of Magdeburg: Imperial Catholic armies destroyed the city of Magdeburg, killing 20,000 Protestants.[53]
  • The Ulster Massacres: Irish Catholics rose up against the English in 1641, in the process slaughtering 4-12,000 Protestants.[54]
    • The Protestants later got their revenge thanks to Oliver Cromwell's notoriously brutal conquest of Ireland. Cromwell and many of his army were Puritans who considered all Roman Catholics to be heretics, and so for them the conquest was partly a crusade. 40% of Ireland's pre-war population died.[55] Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland.
  • Chmielnicki Pogrom: In 1648, Cossacks under Bohdan Chmielnicki rose up against Polish rule in Ukraine, in the process attempting to exterminate all Jews in the region and killing at least 100,000 people.[56]
  • Massacre of Uman: Ukrainian Cossacks rising up again against Polish rule in 1768 massacred many thousands of Jews, Catholics, and Uniates near Kiev.[57]
  • First Massacre of Machecoul in 1793: Angered by conscription and by the restriction of the privileges of Catholic clergy during the French Revolution, French Catholic zealots rose up and slaughtered hundreds of suspected republican sympathizers.

Victorian era[edit]

  • The Constantinople Massacre of 1821 was orchestrated by the authorities of the Ottoman Empire against the Greek community of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) in retaliation for the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence.[58] As soon as the first news of the Greek uprising reached the Ottoman capital, there occurred mass executions, pogrom-type attacks, destruction of churches, and looting of the properties of the city's Greek population. The events culminated with the hanging of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Gregory V.
    • Not to be outdone by the Turks, the Greeks after capturing the city of Tripolitsa (Tripoli) showed everyone how it's properly done. Up to 30,000 Muslims were killed and the whole Jewish population was wiped out.[59]
  • Haun's Hill massacre: A Missouri mob murdered 17 Mormons acting on an "Extermination Order" issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs.[60]
  • Indian Mutiny of 1857: A violent rebellion by Hindu and Muslim soldiers killed at least 6000 people,[note 1] partly in response to rumors that the British were using pig and cow fat in cartridge grease.
  • The Taiping Rebellion saw the Christian cult known as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom commit atrocities against the Manchus during their rebellion against the Qing dynasty. The conflict saw upwards of 20 million people killed.[61]
    • Battle of Nanjing: Taiping forces executed or expelled the entire population of Nanjing following the city's capture in 1853.[62]
    • Tianjing Incident: Internal conflicts led to Taiping forces under Wei Changhui slaughtering military leader Yang Xiuquing, his children and 54 servants and concubines,[63] along with thousands of supporters.[64]
  • Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon militia killed up to 140 unarmed members of the Baker-Fancher emigrant wagon train.[65]
  • Russian Tsarist pogroms (first wave): An 1881-4 wave of violence targeted Jews in southwest Imperial Russia, featuring mass rapes and killing an unknown-but-high number of Jews.[66]
  • Hamidian massacres: Sultan Abdul Hamid II ordered Turkish forces to kill Armenian Christians across the Ottoman Empire from 1894–1896, killing some 300,000 people.[67]

Twentieth century[edit]

Victims of the 1903 Kishinev pogrom.
  • Bud Dajo Massacre: In 1906, US forces massacred about 900 Moro Muslims with artillery in the Philippines during operations to counter Muslim anti-colonial insurgency.[68]
  • Russian Tsarist pogroms (second wave): A 1903-1906 wave of pogroms killed at least 2,500 people.[69] It's likely that the Russian state press helped instigate the violence to distract from the disastrous failures of the Russo-Japanese War.[70]
  • Adana massacre: Pogroms target Armenian Christians in 1909, resulting in 20,000 to 30,000 deaths.[71]
  • Lvov pogrom: Polish militias murdered about 150 people in the chaos of the Polish-Ukrainian War in 1918.[72]
  • Late Ottoman Genocides: Ottoman soldiers attempted to eradicate Armenian Christians, killing 1.8 million.[73]
    • This happened concurrently with the Greek Genocide, where the Turks killed between 450,000 and 750,000 Greek Christians.[74]
    • It also happened concurrently with the genocide of Syriac Christians, where the Turks killed between 200,000 and 275,000 people.[75]
  • Azerbaijan genocides of 1918: Christian Armenian nationalists slaughtered 50,000 people, including Jews and Azerbaijani Muslims.[76]
  • Pinsk massacre: Polish forces murdered 35 Jews in 1919 over religion and fears of "Jewish-Bolshevism".[77]
  • Hebron massacre: Arab religious leaders incited Muslims to massacre 67 Jews in British Palestine in 1929.[78]
  • 1929 Palestine riots: Muslim and Jewish disputes over access to holy sites in Jerusalem escalated into mass religious riots that left 133 Jews and 116+ Arabs dead.[79][80]
  • Simele massacre: Iraqi forces machine-gunned or executed some 6,000 Assyrian Christians in 1933.[81]
  • Crimes of the Catholic Croatian fascist group Ustaše during World War II, which were explicitly motivated by a desire to promote a "Holy Croatia" by exterminating Eastern Orthodox Serbs.[82] They mass murdered upwards of 300,000 Serbians, 30,000 Jews, and 29,000 Gypsies throughout their four-year reign of terror.
    • Gudovac massacre: Firing squads mass murdered some 190 Serbs in 1941.[83]
    • Glina massacres: Paramilitaries murdered Serbs who would not convert to Catholicism, shooting them or burning them inside church buildings, killing about 2,400.[84]
    • Banski Grabovac massacre: Summary executions of 1,200 Serbs.[85]
    • The Garavice extermination site was used by the Ustaše as a place to murder between 12,000 and 15,000 people and dump their corpses.[86]
    • The Jasenovac death camp, where the Ustaše murdered between 77,000 and 99,000 people between 1941 and 1945 through methods that included knifing, smashing skulls with mallets, and torture to death.[87][88]
    • The Stara Gradiška death camp, where the Ustaše murdered an estimated 12,800 people.[89]
  • King David Hotel bombing: Jewish extremists killed 91 people in an attack on the British headquarters in Palestine.[90]
  • Indian Partition: Millions of Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs were killed during the partition of India in tit-for-tat massacres between all three, with a total death toll of up to two million.[91]
  • Guatemalan genocide: Paramilitaries under Efraín Ríos Montt's government massacred indigenous Mayan villagers, killing almost 200,000.[92]
  • Algerian Civil War: Islamic fundamentalists killed about 60,000 people.[93]
  • Malisbong Massacre: Filipino armed forces murdered about 1,500 Moro Muslims inside a mosque.[94]
  • Karantina Massacre: Lebanese Christian militias murdered 1,500 people in a Palestinian slum district.[95]
  • Damour Massacre: Palestinian militias murdered the residents of a Christian town south of Beirut in retaliation for the Karantina Massacre, killing between 150 and 582 people.[96]
  • The Sabra and Shatila Massacre: Israel allowed a Lebanese Christian militia to enter a Palestinian refugee camp; the militia proceeded to massacre at least 800 civilians.[97]
  • Tel el-Zaatar Massacre: Lebanese Christian militias attacked a Palestinian refugee camp, killing between 1,000 and 1,500.[98]
  • The Troubles: In large part a religious civil war,[99] the conflict in Northern Ireland resulted in 3,500 deaths, of which 1,785 were civilian.[100]
  • Bosnian Genocide: Serbs in Bosnia attempted to exterminate Bosnian Muslims during the Yugoslav Wars, resulting in a civilian death toll of around 200,000.[101]
    • The Srebrenica massacre alone saw Serbs murder more than 8,000 Bosniaks.[102]

Twenty-first century[edit]

The World Trade Center is destroyed on 9/11.
  • 9/11: Al Qaeda terrorist attack in the United States that killed 2,977 and was motivated by religious anger at non-Muslim US forces based near Islamic holy sites in Saudi Arabia.[103]
  • 2002 Gujarat riots: Hindus and Muslims clashed for days in Gujarat, killing about 1,000, many of whom were burnt alive.[104]
  • 2003 Iraq War: President George W. Bush claimed that God told him to "end tyranny in Iraq".[105] The war and the resulting chaos has claimed the lives of over 182,000 civilians and counting.[106]
  • The back and forth murder of Israeli Jews and Palestinian Muslims based on a mythical claim to some worthless barren desert the Holy Land, culminating in the 2023 Israel–Hamas warWikipedia.
  • Routine executions and honor killings in the Middle East in the name of tribal morality.
  • 7/7: Islamic terrorists carried out suicide bombings in four different parts of London, killing 52 people.[107]
  • Muslims persecute and murder Christians during the Arab Spring, currently ongoing in Egypt and Syria.
  • DAESH, AKA the result of the unnecessary war mentioned above, i.e. numerous crimes on the lands occupied by them plus exporting the Jihad to the world.
  • DAESH acts of genocide against the Yazidi ethno-religious group in 2014 killed some 3,100 people, with 6,800 kidnapped to become sex slaves.[108]
  • Pulse Nightclub shooting: Islamic terrorist Omar Mateen killed 49 people in a mass shooting at an Orlando gay bar.
  • 2017 Al Shabaab truck bombings in Mogadishu, Somalia killed at least 537.[109]
  • Peshawar School Massacre: The Taliban attacked a school in Pakistan, killing 141 people, 132 of whom were children.[110]
  • 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings: ISIS-aligned suicide bombers attacked churches in Sri Lanka, killing 253 people.[111]
  • 2019 Boko Haram attack: mass shooting at a Nigerian funeral in 2019 killed at least 65 people.[112]
  • A series of attacks in 2020 by the Lord's Resistance Army in the Democratic Republic of the Congo left many civilians dead or missing and displaced hundreds more.[113]
  • Kabul Airport bombing: a suicide attack by ISIS-K during the American withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 left at least 182 people dead, including 13 US soldiers.[114]

Massacres in the name of secular humanism[edit]

Two tumbleweeds rolling across the screen, from left to right.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. Not counting the hundreds of thousands of Indians killed during that period

References[edit]

  1. Antireligion. Wikiquote.
  2. Bertrand Russell. Wikiquote.
  3. Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae
  4. Kenneth Cragg, The Call of the Minaret (1956), p. 79. William Muir (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413
  5. A Forgotten Chapter Of Jewish History The Jewish Magazine
  6. Barbero, Alessandro (2004). Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, pages 46–47. University of California Press.
  7. Was Charlemagne a Mass Murderer? Medievalists.net
  8. See the Wikipedia article on 1033 Fez massacre.
  9. See the Wikipedia article on 1066 Granada massacre.
  10. Lucien Gubbay (1999). Sunlight and Shadow: The Jewish Experience of Islam. New York: Other Press. p. 80. ISBN 1-892746-69-7.
  11. Granada Jewish Encyclopedia
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Jesus: Myth or Reality? Google Books.
  13. The Rhineland Massacres of Jews in the First Crusade: Memories Medieval and Modern Cambridge
  14. Edward H. Flannery, The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism. Paulist Press, 1985: 93.
  15. Harari, Yuval Noah (2007). "The Gateway to the Middle East: Antioch, 1098". Special Operations in the Age of Chivalry, 1100–1550. The Boydell Press. pp. 53–73.
  16. December 12, 1098: Siege of Ma’arra, 20,000 Massacred and Cannibalized?! History and Headlines
  17. Crusaders massacre of Jerusalem was done in cold-blood, not religious frenzy, historian argues Medievalists.net
  18. The Siege of Edessa Britannica
  19. Richard The Lionheart Massacres The Saracens, 1191 Eyewitness to History
  20. Kill Them All The History Press
  21. Fourth Crusade HistoryNet
  22. Massacre of the LatinsWikipedia
  23. Gregory, Timothy (2010). A History of Byzantium. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
  24. 1190: Pogrom in York Wipes Out Jewish Community Haaretz
  25. The Clifford’s Tower massacre The History Net
  26. Tamerlane’s Reign of Terror History Answers UK
  27. 10 Terrors Of The Tyrant Tamerlane Listverse
  28. The Death of Tamerlane History Today
  29. J.J. Saunders, The history of the Mongol conquests (page 174), Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1971, ISBN 0812217667
  30. 1349: A Valentine's Day Massacre in Alzace Haaretz
  31. Robert S. Gottfried (11 May 2010). Black Death. Simon and Schuster. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-1-4391-1846-7.
  32. 1391 Jewish History
  33. Polotsk Jewish Virtual Library
  34. Massacre of Aztecs in the Great Temple. History Crunch.
  35. See the Wikipedia article on Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan.
  36. German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor ThoughtCo
  37. The Capture of Inca Atahualpa. ThoughtCo.
  38. The gruesome story of a radical Isis-like movement that once ruled Münster The Local
  39. The Most Brutal Executions Ordered By Henry VIII, The Vintage News]
  40. How many people were killed by the Inquisition? Janet Panic
  41. https://perfectlyprovence.co/merindol-massacre-provence-history Understanding The Merindol Massacre and Provence’s Dark Religious History]. Perfectly Provence.
  42. See Foxe's Book of MartyrsWikipedia for a supposed full list of Protestants executed during this period
  43. The French Wars of Religion. Lumen Learning.
  44. See the Wikipedia article on Massacre of Vassy.
  45. See the Wikipedia article on Massacre of Sens.
  46. See the Wikipedia article on 1562 Riots of Toulouse.
  47. Chadwick, Henry; Evans, G. R. (1987). Atlas of the Christian church. London: Macmillan. p. 113. ISBN 0-333-44157-5.
  48. The Spanish Massacre the French in Florida, 1565. Eyewitness to History
  49. Spanish FuryWikipedia
  50. The Dutch War of Independence Military History Matters
  51. Why Europe’s wars of religion put 40,000 ‘witches’ to a terrible death Doward, Jamie. The Guardian. 06.01.18
  52. White, Matthew. "The Thirty Years' War (1618-48)". Necrometrics. ND.
  53. Battle of Magdeburg Britannica
  54. Bloody history of the 1641 rebellion is published online BBC News
  55. How many died during Cromwell’s campaign? History Ireland
  56. Bogdan Chmielnicki Jewish Virtual Library
  57. Uman. Jewish Virtual Library.
  58. See the Wikipedia article on Constantinople massacre of 1821.
  59. See the Wikipedia article on Siege of Tripolitsa.
  60. [1] Today I Found Out
  61. Seeds of Unrest: The Taiping Movement Facing History
  62. The Taiping Rebellion: The Bloodiest Civil War You’ve Never Heard of The Collector
  63. This day in history: The Tianjing Incident, or “Why it’s never a good idea to make all of your subordinates kings” Radii China
  64. Biography of Shi Dakai Britannica
  65. The Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857 and the Trials of John D. Lee: An Account Famous Trials.
  66. What Were Pogroms? My Jewish Learning
  67. Charny, Israel W. (1999). Encyclopedia of genocide (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-87436-928-1.
  68. US soldiers pose with the bodies of Moro insurgents, Philippines, 1906. Rare Historical Photos.
  69. Weinberg, Robert. The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps. 1993, p. 164.
  70. The Pogroms of 1903 - 1906
  71. Adalian, Rouben Paul (2012). "The Armenian Genocide". In Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (eds.). Century of Genocide. Routledge. pp. 117–56. ISBN 9780415871914. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  72. Antisemitism and its opponents in modern Poland. Cornell University Press. pp. 127–129, 133–137, 143. ISBN 9780801489693.
  73. See the Wikipedia article on Armenian Genocide.
  74. {{|Greek genocide|}}
  75. See the Wikipedia article on Seyfo.
  76. Azerbaijanis Remember Victims Of March Genocide By Armenian Nationalists Caspian News
  77. See the Wikipedia article on Pinsk massacre.
  78. The Hebron Massacre. Jewish Virtual Library.
  79. See the Wikipedia article on 1929 Palestine riots.
  80. Pre-State Israel: Photographs from 1929 Arab Riots. Jewish Virtual Library.
  81. See the Wikipedia article on Simele massacre.
  82. Meet The Ustaše, The Brutal Nazi Allies Even Hitler Couldn’t Control. All That's Interesting.
  83. See the Wikipedia article on Gudovac massacre.
  84. See the Wikipedia article on Glina massacres.
  85. See the Wikipedia article on Banski Grabovac massacre.
  86. See the Wikipedia article on Garavice.
  87. Jasenovac. US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  88. See the Wikipedia article on Jasenovac concentration camp.
  89. See the Wikipedia article on Stara Gradiška concentration camp.
  90. The Irgun: Bombing of the King David Hotel Jewish Virtual Library
  91. Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009), The Partition of India, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-85661-4 p. 2
  92. Jose Efrain Rios Montt International Justice Monitor
  93. Killing sprees rip apart Algeria Rebellion The Baltimore Sun
  94. 1,500 Moro massacre victims during Martial Law honored Minda News
  95. See the Wikipedia article on Karantina massacre.
  96. See the Wikipedia article on Damour massacre.
  97. A Preventable Massacre New York Times
  98. Fall of Tal el-Zaatar and Jisr el-Basha Civil Society Knowledge Centre
  99. Northern Ireland : religious war or social conflict? Le Journal International
  100. "Sutton Index of Deaths". Sutton, Malcom. Conflict Archive on the Internet.
  101. 10 Facts about the Bosnian Genocide. Borgen Project.
  102. Bosnia-Herzegovina US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  103. 9/11 anniversary: Understanding extremist motives could stop further violence. The Conversation.
  104. ‘They Burnt My Parents Alive’: Gujarat Riots Still Haunt Victims. The Diplomat.
  105. George Bush: 'God told me to end the tyranny in Iraq' The Guardian
  106. Iraqi Civilians Costs of War
  107. 7/7 bombings: Who were the 52 victims of the London terror attacks? The Independent
  108. Nearly 10,000 Yazidis killed, kidnapped by Islamic State in 2014, study finds. Reuters.
  109. See the Wikipedia article on 14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings.
  110. Pakistan: Three years after 140 died in the Peshawar school massacre, what has changed? The Independent. Archived.
  111. Sri Lanka attacks: Death toll revised down by 'about 100' BBC
  112. Suspected Boko Haram attack on a funeral leaves 65 dead in Nigeria, official says. CNN.
  113. Escalation of attacks by Lord Resistance Army of Joseph Kony displace DRC civilians into South Sudan Nyamile
  114. American forces keep up airlift under high threat warnings Associated Press