File:Aurora Australis From ISS.JPG
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Summary
DescriptionAurora Australis From ISS.JPG |
English: Aurora Australis Observed From the International Space Station
Among the views of Earth afforded astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS), surely one of the most spectacular is of the aurora. These ever-shifting displays of colored ribbons, curtains, rays, and spots are most visible near the North (aurora borealis) and South (aurora australis) Poles as charged particles (ions) streaming from the Sun (the solar wind) interact with Earth’s magnetic field. While aurora are generally only visible close to the poles, severe magnetic storms impacting the Earth’s magnetic field can shift them towards the equator. This striking aurora image was taken during a geomagnetic storm that was most likely caused by a coronal mass ejection from the Sun on May 24, 2010. The ISS was located over the Southern Indian Ocean at an altitude of 350 kilometers (220 miles), with the astronaut observer most likely looking towards Antarctica (not visible) and the South Pole. The aurora has a sinuous ribbon shape that separates into discrete spots near the lower right corner of the image. While the dominant coloration of the aurora is green, there are faint suggestions of red left of image center. Dense cloud cover is dimly visible below the aurora. The curvature of the Earth’s horizon (the limb) is clearly visible, as is the faint blue line of the upper atmosphere directly above it (at image top center). Several stars appear as bright pinpoints against the blackness of space at image top right. Auroras happen when ions in the solar wind collide with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. The atoms are excited by these collisions, and they typically emit light as they return to their original energy level. The light creates the aurora that we see. The most commonly observed color of aurora is green, caused by light emitted by excited oxygen atoms at wavelengths centered at 0.558 micrometers, or millionths of a meter. (Visible light is reflected from healthy (green) plant leaves at approximately the same wavelength.) Red aurora are generated by light emitted at a longer wavelength (0.630 micrometers), and other colors such as blue and purple are also sometimes observed.
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Source | Mission: ISS023 Roll: E Frame: 58455 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Author | ISS Expedition 23 crew | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other versions | File:Aurora Australis From ISS edit1.JPG - Slight Gaussian blur, to remove noise. |
Camera location | 51° 11′ 41.1″ S, 93° 17′ 55.1″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | -51.194750; 93.298639 |
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This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS023-E-58455. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. Other languages:
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Image acquired with a Nikon D3 digital camera, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
Image courtesy of Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center.
Licensing
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
Warnings:
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Items portrayed in this file
depicts
21 June 2010
51°11'41.100"S, 93°17'55.100"E
ISS023-E-58455
image/jpeg
0cad2d35f1b2fd055675f5228e6bed0047227048
2,239,789 byte
2,832 pixel
4,256 pixel
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 00:23, 8 February 2012 | 4,256 × 2,832 (2.14 MB) | Mmxx | Reverted to version as of 15:51, 28 June 2010, FP at en-wiki en:Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Aurora Australis From ISS.JPG |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D3 |
Exposure time | 1/6 sec (0.16666666666667) |
ISO speed rating | 6,400 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:11, 29 May 2010 |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows |
File change date and time | 11:50, 28 June 2010 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:11, 29 May 2010 |
APEX shutter speed | 2.584963 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 0 APEX (f/1) |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 83 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 83 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 83 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | High gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Image width | 4,256 px |
Image height | 2,832 px |
Serial number of camera | 2054926 |
Lens used | 0.0 mm f/0.0 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 07:50, 28 June 2010 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:0E4D240D6472DF11B3FBD0B174DD7273 |
IIM version | 49,410 |