Dodo

The dodo was a flightless bird related to doves and pigeons (it was technically a pigeon as it was a member of the same order, Columbidae) that was native to the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The dodo became extinct almost certainly due to over-hunting by the humans who arrived on the island.

The dodo is famous for its reputation for being stupid. However, because it was at the top of the food chain in its own little ecosystem, it had no natural predators and thus, had no reason to fear other creatures (such as the humans who discovered the island). It wasn't stupidity that caused the downfall of the dodos, it was ignorance due to a lack of innate fear of humans as these birds lived in isolation free from any predators.

Surprisingly, for such a famous bird, little is known of its appearance or behaviors; by the time scientists became interested, it was already extinct, a testament to the destructive power of our species.

The dodo has become a byword for any creature that is doomed to extinction because it can't adapt to its environment, which is in contrast to its distant and still-living relative, the which has adapted and benefited extremely well from human exploitation (and being hated by humans for its success) &mdash; it went from being a European cliff-dwelling bird to a bird with cosmopolitan population on every continent except Antarctica.

In popular culture
Dodos are a well known extinct species within the public sphere. Because of their status as extinct animals, they have often been associated with Ice Age megafauna (mostly North American) such as saber-toothed cats and woolly mammoths (a trend which was kicked off by the 2002 animated film Ice Age). However, dodos are not Ice Age animals, as they recently appeared during the Holocene and were only found in Mauritius, far from any Ice Age animals in location and in time period (if anything, they’re closer to African animals such as elephants and lions as Mauritius is regionally part of Africa).

Another example of the dodo in popular culture would be in the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, in which a character simply known as "The Dodo" appears.