Talk:Clyde Winters

This page is full of bias and heresay
Dear Sir This website has information that is based on heresay. I feel that I should be allowed to edit this page because the information is false and libelous. I do not want to pursue this in a court of law unless I have too, but I am not a racist. For example, the author of this page claims I am unqualified to to decipher languages and write on genetics when I have a Masters' degree in linguistics and Anthropology from the University of Illinois-Urban. he acts as though I do not have an academic career this is false, Some of the corrections that should be made are below:

Background
Dr. Clyde Winters is an Educator and Anthropologist. He taught Education over 11 years at Governors State University-University Park, Illinois; and Liguistics at Saint Xavier University-Chicago.. Over the past 13 years he has taught Bilingual Education (courses: Educational Linguistic and Bilingual Language Assessment) and Educational Administration (courses: Educational Psychology, Curriculum, School Law, Leadership and Educational Research). He has contributed to the development of the revised editions of Allan A. Glatthorn, Floyd Boschee, Bruce M. Whitehead, Curriculum leadership: strategies for development and implementation http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1412967813/ref=s9_simh_gw_p14_d0_i3?pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=desktop-1&pf_rd_r=0J8HEWHCA4335TFD71PD&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=2079475242&pf_rd_i=desktop

and ; R. G. Owens and T.C. Valesky, Organizational Behavior in Education: Leadership and School Reform (10th Edition)  http://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Education-Leadership-School/dp/0137017464/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1438478829&sr=8-2&keywords=Organizational+Behavior+in+Education%3A+Leadership+and+School+Reform (See: Prefaces).

Education
His listed academic credentials include: Dr. Winters has a Masters degree in Anthropology and Linguistics. This gives him the background to decipher ancient languages and write on population genetics.
 * 1973 - B.A., Sociology/History (University of Illinois)
 * 1973 - M.A., Social Science, Minors: Linguistics and Anthropology (University of Illinois)
 * 1994 - M.S., Special Education Education (Chicago State University)
 * 2000 - Ph.D., Educational Psychology (Loyola University)

Uthman dan Fodio Institute
Uthman dan Fodio Institute is a private research institute founded by Dr. Clyde Winters. It began as a home school to teach students in Elementary and High School. http://olmec98.net/UdFI.htm Stephen Howe, Professor of History and Cultures of Colonialism, University of Bristol has noted:

He refers to Clyde Winters as an example. Wim van Binsbergen (*1947), Amsterdam-trained anthropologist, proto-historian, and intercultural philosopher (various professorial chairs in Europe and Africa, Professor of Intercultural Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Editor of Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie), commenting on Howe's work, in Black Athena Comes of Age, page 277, wrote: "Scholarly reputations are also readily sacrificed on the altar of Howe's indignation vis-a-vis Afrocentrism and the more readily so, the less Howe knows of their specialist field. The synthetic programmatic overview of Afrocentrism by Clyde Ahmad Winters is sarcastically dismissed (67), but no attention is paid to the same writers intriguing linguistic  work published in authoritative international journals, tracing parallels between West African languages, Asian and native American contexts, and suggesting an unexpected Asian demension to African presence, thus challenging all accepted geo political wisdom".

van Binsbergen observes that Dr. Winters is the "leading Afrocentrist"http://www.shikanda.net/topicalities/martin.htm.

Race discrimination case
Winters filed a race discrimination action against Iowa State University in 1991. He was employed as Director of the Black Cultural Center at Iowa State University from August 1974 to May 1975. The case was dismissed because he failed to file his case in a timely fashion..

Craniometrics Support Kushite/African Origin of Mesopotamians
Origialy posted by the author

"Stop acting as if Dr. Winters writings on the Sumerians and Elamites being Black is not supported by modern researchers. Col. Henry Rawlinson, used textual evidence to determine that a link existed between the Mesopotamians to their ancestors in Africa .  Rawlinson called these people Kushites The Kushites were Black. There is a positive relationship between crania from Africa and Eurasia which shows the Kushite origin of the Mesopotamians  as claimed by Rawlinson. Modern researchers have confirmed that the ancient Mesopotamians were Africans. Ancient Sub-Saharan African skeletons have also been found in Mesopotamia (Tomczyk et al, 2010) . The craniometric data indicates that continuity existed between ancient and medieval Sub-Saharan Africans in Mesopotamia (Ricault & Waelkens,2008) Rawlinson, Dieulafoy, Tomczyk and Ricault are all white—not Afrocentrict scholars. The Tomczyk and Ricault articles are least than 7 years old."

Revision

Hi i´m venezuelan. I´ll deal with the studies one by one. The studies you posted do not say what you say they do.

I read tomczyk et al (2010)

Anthropological analysis of the osteological material from an ancient tomb (Early Bronze Age) from the middle Euphrates valley, Terqa (Syria)

Abstrac

Terqa, situated on the right bank of the Middle Euphrates, is known to have been a site already in the third and second millennium BC. Excavations which take place in this region aim to provide answers for numerous significant issues connected with the origins of human civilisation. In 2008 season we found a tomb dated 2650–2450 BC, consisting of two chambers with stone domes. The smaller chamber contained many luxury grave goods. The other one was bigger and contained human skeletons.

The first skeleton belonged to a man, 45/50 years old. It is extremely heavy and large. On the right humerus, near the proximal edge, we found two cuts. The healed edges of the wound suggest that the man from Terqa survived after the wound was inflicted. Many muscular attachments were clearly marked on the bones and bone robustness was far above the average, which may suggest that the skeleton belonged to a warrior. These observations correspond to the fact that the bronze part of a belt together with bronze weapon-blades was found on the right side of the hip.

The words black, african, or subsaharan does not appear anywhere in the work (i downloaded the full pdf believe me)

As for Ricault and wealkens paper. It was facinating.

Abstract and Figures

Since the beginning of the Holocene, the Anatolian region has been a crossroads for populations and civilizations from Europe, Asia, and the Near to Middle East, with increasing interactions since the Bronze Age. In this context, we examine cranial discrete traits from a Byzantine population from southwest Turkey, excavated at the archeological site of Sagalassos; the site displays human occupation since the 12th millennium B.P. To investigate the biological history of this population, we analyzed the frequency distribution of 17 cranial discrete traits from Sagalassos and 27 Eurasian and African populations. Ward's clustering procedure and multidimensional scaling analyses of the standardized mean measure of divergence (MMD(st)), based on trait frequencies, were used to represent the biological affinity between populations. Our results, considered within a large interpretive framework that takes into account the idea that populations are dynamic entities affected by various influences through time and space, revealed different strata of the Sagalassos biological history. Indeed, beyond an expected biological affinity of the Sagalassos population with eastern Mediterranean populations, we also detected affinities with sub-Saharan and northern and central European populations. We hypothesize that these affinity patterns in the Sagalassos biological package are the traces of the major migratory events that affected southwest Anatolia over the last millennia, as suggested from biological, archeological, and historical data.

so the majority of the salagassos exibited trait in common wiht eastern mediterranean samples, but there is a minority that exibited traits in common with subsaharan samples and another minority that exibite traits in commo with central and northern european samples. subsaharan africans were clearly a minority even among minorities.

from the same article

the salagassos population cluster with the second group and is more closely related to greek, cypriot, turkish and scandinavian populations.

and

...Finally a detailed review of the diferent statistical test (MDD, MDS and Ward Clustering) shows that the unexpected biological proximity of some northern and central european and subsaharan populations to the salagassos populatio is not supporte in the same significance. Indeed, as seen by the MMD values displayed in table 3. Scandinavians and Germans(MMD of 0.72 and 1.02, respectively) preset stroger afinities to Salagassos than populations fron Somalia and Gabon...

and finally

...Only the biological afinity betwen the Salagassos and Scandinavian population sugested by the MMD values(see table 3) is preserved when all the comparative populations are considered...

as you can Winter does not site this quotes thus distorting the information. that is why i always recomend loking for the original articles to verify the data. the rest of the quotes hi cites are provided by XIX century authors, who are famous for making hugh generalizations(often wrong) based on too few data(and therefore not reliable).

winter if you are reading this, be proud of african cultuers and stop trying to steal others, it seems like you think that black africa and its cultures are worthless(oterwise¿why trying to apropiate other cultures and claiming they have no history?).

so ¿do craniometrics support Kushite/African origin of mesopotamians?

no they don´t

and finally a kushite origin is not possible for mesopotamians, since kushite existed from the c 1070 BC to 550 AC while Summer(the erliest known mesopotamian civilization) existed fromc 4500 to 1900 BC, 800 years of diference, and finally nubian or kushite are not black only(at least the northern ones), as noted by this study by Sirak et al (2021)

Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Relatively little is known about Nubia’s genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650–1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36–54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool – shaped over a millennium – harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period.