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Child labor refers to the employment (or enslavement, if you prefer) of children in any workplace that deprives them of a childhood, interferes with their education, and is dangerous or otherwise detrimental to their health. Generally frowned upon thanks to its exploitative nature, child labor is mostly practiced in developing countries or communities that don't hold sanctions against such an act.

Common culprits
Child labor is common in developing and non-industrialized states, especially those in which the majority of the population lives in poverty. Many families rely on the extra income a child earns at work. Children are also a popular source of labor to employers thanks to their desperation and willingness to work for low wages.

The use of children for cheap labor really reaches its peak in factories and other industrial areas. This was observed during the Industrial Revolution; children often worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little money. Children were also popular among mine owners, where they were hired as breaker boys and exposed to extremely dangerous conditions.