Deceit

A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. Just because something isn't a lie does not mean that it isn't deceptive. A liar knows that he is a liar, but one who speaks mere portions of truth in order to deceive is a craftsman of destruction. He who permits himself to tell a lie once, finds it much easier to do it a second and third time, till at length it becomes habitual; he tells lies without attending to it, and truths without the world's believing him. This falsehood of the tongue leads to that of the heart, and in time depraves all its good dispositions.

Deceit is a term denoting the misrepresentation of the truth.

Deceit can be used for many purposes, some more innocent, some more destructive. Lying, or explicit misrepresentation, is a subset of deceit.

Some forms of deceit may be unintentional or the result of a logical fallacy, and don't necessarily mean the speaker intends to deceive (also see Hanlon's razor).

Common examples
Deceit can take many forms:


 * Lie &mdash; The most basic form of deceit, where some sort information is divulged where it is known that is information is in fact not true.
 * Affinity fraud &mdash; abuse of the trust of others because you are (or pretend to be) a member of the same socio-economic, religious or ethnic group.
 * Burning the evidence &mdash; attempting to secure plausible deniability by destroying possible trails of evidence that could, if left intact, allow potential investigators to correctly identify the true culprit.
 * Censorship &mdash; silencing all dissenting viewpoints.
 * Confabulation &mdash; promoting falsehoods while believing yourself to be truthful, largely due to a false memory.
 * Coverup &mdash; trying to suppress evidence of one's misdeeds.
 * Equivocation &mdash; abusing wordplay in a way that's not technically lying, but is trying to give an incorrect impression.
 * Misdirection &mdash; distracting or diverting from the issue at hand in order to avoid further conclusions to be drawn.
 * Quote mining &mdash; presenting a real (but "hairdressed") quote, deliberately placed out of context and presented in a new or different context, so as to make it seem like it meant something else than was originally intended. This differs from making a "misquotation", as those are simply mistakenly attributed or phrased wrongly.
 * Obfuscation &mdash; nonsensical claptrap, or words without any particular connection to reality.
 * Omission &mdash; failing to report something that wasn't specifically asked for (yet perhaps cannot be asked for as it is an unknown unknown to other people), with the express intent to deceive others via manipulating their perception of the truth.
 * One single proof &mdash; claiming that without a specific key proof, the whole argument is invalid.
 * Propaganda &mdash; affect or control the perceptions and behavior of a population.
 * Revisionism &mdash; revising history to something it wasn't.
 * Self-deception &mdash; metaphorically (or literally...) sticking your fingers in your ears and going "Lalalala! I can't hear you!".
 * Statistics &mdash; sometimes statistics are used as a drunken man uses lampposts &mdash; for support rather than illumination.

Deceit in the Bible
Perhaps the best known example can be found in Genesis chapter 27. Isaac is dying, and wants to bless his first born son Esau but needs some munchies first (it would be silly to bless someone on an empty stomach), but Esau's twin brother Jacob overhears, gives Isaac his needed munchies, and receives the blessing instead. Jacob is later renamed to "Israel" by God and goes on to become the father of the Twelve Tribes of Israel and ancestor of Jesus Christ.