The Spectator

The Spectator is a British right-wing magazine currently edited by Fraser Nelson. In 2004 it was bought by David and Frederick Barclay, who also own the Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph (David died in January 2021).

Although early in its history it supported the Liberal Party, since the 1950s it has been closely linked to the British Conservative Party, initially on the moderate wing, but more recently moving much further right.

In recent years it has featured controversial journalists including Boris Johnson (later prime minister), Taki, and Toby Young.

It shouldn't be confused with The American Spectator, a conservative American magazine.

History
Although it is unconnected with the historic Enlightenment daily  founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in 1711, The Spectator still has a very long history. It dates back to 1828 and Scottish publisher Robert Stephen Rintoul; initially he intended it to be a "family paper", free from polemic, but it soon got involved in the campaign that led to the 1832 Great Reform Act, and it opposed the First Opium War.

In 1858 it was bought by James McHenry and Benjamin Moran, two Americans, who redirected it in support of then-President of the United States James Buchanan, the Democratic Party who had attempted to fudge over the issue of slavery, cheerleading him in the run up to the 1860 election won by Abraham Lincoln. Around this time it hired as a celebrity columnist. There are rumours it was also funded or secretly owned by then-Emperor of France publishing a lot of pro-France material around 1860. However it supported the Union in the American Civil War, contrary to the British upper classes' support for the Confederacy. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the magazine was radically Liberal and pro-free trade. In 1924 it was sold to Evelyn Wrench, and in the 1930s although it opposed fascism, it supported Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement.

Ownership and editorship in 1954 passed to Ian Gilmour, later a moderate Conservative politician known for his opposition to Margaret Thatcher; it opposed capital punishment and the Suez invasion and supported legalisation of homosexuality while generally being aligned to the liberal wing of the Conservative Party, with politicians such as Iain Macleod contributing.

In 1975, it was bought by Henry Keswick, a businessman whose family had a long history of trading in Hong Kong. With Alexander Chancellor as editor, it engaged famous writers including fogeyish humorist Auberon Waugh, distinguished war correspondent Richard West, notorious drunkard Jeffrey Bernard, and the even more notorious racist Taki Theodoracopulos. Editorship then passed to Charles Moore (later of the Sunday Telegraph) and then Dominic Lawson, son of Tory Chancellor Nigel. In 1994 it published a controversial article "Kings of the Deal" by William Cash which claimed that Jews ran Hollywood, attracting allegations of antisemitism.

In the era of Tony Blair it tilted briefly towards New Labour under the editorship of Frank Johnson, but his replacement in 1999 was a more controversial figure: Boris Johnson (no relation). Boris left in 2005 to further his political career, and was replaced by Matthew d'Ancona, who in 2009 was succeeded by Fraser Nelson, who remains editor as of 2021. Fraser launched an American edition digitally in 2018 and on paper in 2019.

Controversies
While the magazine has long been right-wing, and has had a certain amount of racist shock material (mostly from Taki) since the 1970s, it has since around 2000 gone in pursuit of political extremism, rejecting its old conservative values in favour of identitarian politics and an embrace of alt-right values in a culture war against immigrants, Europeans, and liberals. As Panjak Mishra wrote in 2017:

Ian Buruma said of the change:

Gavin Jacobson added:

Taki
Many of its controversies have revolved around Taki. In 2003, under Boris Johnson's editorship, it was investigated by the crown prosecution service to see if an article by Taki violated section 19 of the Public Order Act; Taki complained about "black thugs" who "multiply like flies" and praised Enoch Powell, and the dispute led to black lawyer and judge receiving death threats.

In 2018, The Spectator published an article by Taki that praised the Wehrmacht (who, in case you're historically oblivious, were the soldiers of Nazi Germany). The original headline/subheadline of the article read: "In praise of Wehrmacht: The real story of D-Day is the heroism of the German soldiers who were vastly outnumbered but fought nobly and to the death." This was later swapped out for something less obviously fascistic yet still offering wonderful false balance: "The other side of D-Day". Even RT, a Putin asset, wasn't amused, and pointed out that this was a pattern: another article that Taki had written in 2007 for The Spectator read: "In praise of Mussolini". Taki has also written multiple articles in defense of Golden Dawn, a Greek neo-Nazi party that was later declared a criminal organization by the Greek government, in a case that has been compared to the Nuremberg trials.

Charles Moore
It was criticised in 2015 when Charles Moore wrote an article questioning whether Yvette Cooper and Liz Kendall were pretty enough to lead the Labour Party, which was seen as somewhat sexist if not misogynistic, as it didn't apply similar standards to Andy Burnham and Ed Balls.

Boris Johnson
Britain's lovably dishevelled future prime minister edited the Spectator from 1999-2005. There were various controversies in this period. Johnson was known for his womanising, earning the publication the nickname The Sextator, including a relationship with journalist Petronella Wyatt which resulted in one abortion and one miscarriage. When challenged about this by his bosses at the Conservative Party, he lied; when he was proven to have lied, he was sacked by Tory leader Michael Howard. Toby Young and Lloyd Evans wrote a play called Who's The Daddy? about the scandal, to mixed reviews.

He annoyed the entire population of Liverpool (traditionally of socialist leanings), when The Spectator accused the city of wallowing in victimhood over incidents such as the deaths of 96 football fans at Hillsborough in Sheffield and the murder of British engineer Ken Bigley by Islamist terrorists. The remarks were in an editorial by Simon Heffer, but Johnson as the editor was forced to apologise after criticism by Michael Howard.

Johnson was involved in a feud with right-wing journalist Andrew Neil, who was appointed over him by the Barclays in 2004 when they bought The Spectator; the feud continued in the 2019 general election campaign where Johnson refused to be interviewed by Neil.

Rod Little
Rod Liddle is another odious columnist. In December 2017 he poked fun at Labour MP Rosie Duffield for speaking out about being a victim of domestic violence. Liddle called Duffield "the sobbing and oppressed Rosie '#MeToo' Duffield"; she called him "racist and misogynist".

He has made frequently insulting or racist remarks about Islam and Muslims. These included in 2018: "If you are an unpleasant person who enjoys macabre entertainment, wander down to Mile End and watch the women in full burka trying to cross the A11. That’s always good for a laugh." He also suggested in 2019 that the general election be held when students couldn't vote and "Muslims are forbidden from doing anything on pain of hell".

Alt-right
In the late 2010s it became increasingly interested in the alt-right, with James Delingpole penning an article headlined "The alt-right isn’t all wrong". Delingpole defended his "friend and colleague" Milo Yiannopoulos, and insisted that the alt-right's antisemitism and racism were ignorable because "most of this stuff is confected and insincere". He also cited Sargon of Akkad in defence of the white genocide conspiracy theory:

Delingpole concluded:

Islamophobia
A 2021 study by the Muslim Council of Britain's Centre for Media Monitoring that looked at media coverage of Muslims and Islam in 34 publications found that The Spectator had the highest percentage of articles judged "antagonistic" to Muslims, 37.3% of all articles which mentioned the religion, and the highest proportion of articles which the study judged misrepresented Muslims and/or Islam, one in four. The Spectator also had the second highest negative bias of any publication studied, with 10.9% of relevant articles "very biased" (only Christian Today with 11.3% "very biased" was worse). Rod Little has published multiple comments mocking or insulting Muslims, and Charles Moore, James Delingpole and Douglas Murray also expressed hostility to Muslims in The Spectator.

Down Under
In 2008 under d'Ancona's editorship the magazine started publishing an Australian edition of the magazine, which its regards as its sister publication. This is basically the same magazine as the British version, but with the first few pages containing Australian commentary by conservative commentators such as Tony Abbott, Andrew Bolt, One Nation's Mark Latham and Liberal's Matt Caravan. It is currently edited by Rowan Dean, a Sky News Australia presenter and climate change denialist who notably doesn’t believe that Great Barrier Reef is dying.