Corporal mortification


 * Not to be confused with Corporal punishment

Corporal mortification or mortification of the flesh is the spiritual or unnatural practice of causing pain to one's self through bodily injury. This is done for self-exploration and spiritual growth, self-sacrifice to the gods or community, or atonement of sins.

Corporal mortification is not intended for sexual pleasure, self-harm, beautification or mere body modification, though those aspects may play a role.

Methods
There are various forms of corporal mortification, ranging from simple denial of "earthly pleasures" through fasting, celibacy, or teetotalism; acts of external pain such as wearing a or ; or permanent injuries such as scarification, tattooing or body piercing.

Why would people do this to themselves?

 * Self awareness, focus or growth: Many people who are pursuing a higher understanding of themselves, and believe that their "deeper aspects" (whatever that means) will induce pain as part of this exploration.
 * Heightened esoteric experience: So-called states of "higher consciousness" such as out-of-body experiences, meditative trances and other altered states can allegedly be achieved or heightened by inducing pain.
 * Sacrifice to a god or community: The shedding of blood, and enduring pain, are often associated with practices like the Lakota Sun Dance, where the goal is a stronger community.   Gods, throughout religious history, have demanded sacrifice, including the pain of their followers.
 * As an overt (and often competitive) display of faith, devotion, willpower and possibly machismo.
 * The belief that it is healthy (physically, spiritually, or both). In some cases it actually can be (see caloric reduction)
 * Who are we to say they don't like it?

In Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions practice forms of corporal mortification, the most common being fasting before or during certain holidays such as Passover and Eid. Giving up certain pleasures such as meat or alcohol is common for Christians during Lent; prohibition of alcohol or particular foods altogether are tenets of Judaism (e.g., kosher meals), Islam (see halal) and Mormonism (whose practitioners cannot consume alcohol or most caffeinated beverages). Vows of celibacy among Roman Catholic priests and nuns are also forms of mortification.

The more extreme sects, such as Opus Dei, practice external mortification as a form of experiencing the pain that Jesus supposedly experienced during his crucifixion. Ignoring, they look to and  to justify their practice.

Criticism
Karen Armstrong claims the corporal mortification that she was subject to while she was in a convent was tantamount to abuse:

One author has suggested the cilice is unhealthy.