Gunpowder Plot



The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, was a failed assassination/revolution attempt by a group of provincial English Roman Catholics against King James I of England and VI of Scotland.

History
The plot intended to kill the king, his family, and most of the Protestant aristocracy in a single attack by blowing up the Houses of Parliament during the State Opening on 5 November. The conspirators had also planned to incite a popular revolt in the Midlands. However, a Member of Parliament whom the conspirators believed might be sympathetic to their cause tipped off the King. The conspirators were arrested and the attempted uprising was a failure.

Guy, or Guido, Fawkes is the most famous conspirator, since he was the man arrested in possession of the gunpowder, which was positioned in cellars under the Palace of Westminster. This has led to the myth that he was leader of the plot, although it was masterminded by Robert Catesby and Fawkes was a latecomer. Father Henry Garnet, head of the Jesuit Order within England, was also aware of the conspiracy (at least according to his trial) and was hanged for this. The conspirators, including Fawkes, were executed by hanging, drawing and quartering, a series of tortures and mutilations which was reserved for those convicted of high treason.

Anniversary
The evening of the anniversary of the discovery and foiling of the plot, the 5th of November, is known as Guy Fawkes Night. It is traditional in the UK (especially in England) to burn effigies of Guy Fawkes on bonfires with accompanying firework displays. Prior to the burning of the effigy it used to be paraded with the plea "Penny for the Guy", to raise money for the fireworks but this does not happen so much today.

Until the twentieth century, this occasion was explicitly patriotic and anti-Catholic, a celebration of the Protestant monarchy's triumph over papist treachery. Fortunately, as with Christmas, Easter and Mother's Day, it has become secularised, and is now regarded as an excuse for bonfires, fireworks and some quaint traditions. Also as with many traditions associated with Christmas and Easter, the bonfire tradition derives from pagan times, when it was part of Samhain, the beginning-of-winter commemoration which is also the ancestor of Hallowe'en.

A connected tradition is for the Yeoman of the Guard to search the cellars of the Palace of Westminster before the State Opening of Parliament, just in case some wag has sneaked a few barrels of gunpowder in as a jape.

The word guy in English is a classic case of. Originally meant as an insult towards someone, along the lines of asshole, thanks to American English it has become a standard way of referring to a person or group of people; this new American English definition is steadily displacing native words such as chap, much older loanwords such as fellow, and relatively newer loanwords such as bloke. Language can be quite strange in that way.

Traditional Guy Fawkes Night poem
''Remember, remember the fifth of November, ''Gunpowder, treason and plot, ''I see no reason why gunpowder treason ''Should ever be forgot. ''Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, ’twas his intent ''To blow up the King and the Parliament. ''Three score barrels of powder below, ''Poor old England to overthrow: ''By God's providence he was catch’d ''With a dark lantern and burning match. ''Holloa boys, holloa boys, make the bells ring. ''Holloa boys, holloa boys, God save the King! ''Hip hip hoorah! ''A penny loaf to feed the Pope. ''A farthing o’ cheese to choke him. ''A pint of beer to rinse it down. ''A faggot bundle of sticks to burn him. ''Burn him in a tub of tar. ''Burn him like a blazing star. ''Burn his body from his head. ''Then we’ll say ol' Pope is dead. ''Hip hip hoorah! ''Hip hip hoorah!