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This basic model has therefore become the ‘E. coli of social psychology’, and has been extensively applied in theoretical biology, economics, and sociology during the past thirty years.

prisoner's dilemma - references

R. Axelrod (1980a) "Effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma." Journal of conflict resolution 24.1 (1980): 3-25.

R. Axelrod (1980b) "More effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma." Journal of conflict resolution 24.3 (1980): 379-403.

This study reports and analyzes the results of the second round of the computer tournament for the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. The object is to gain a deeper understanding of how to perform well in such a setting. The 62 entrants were able to draw lessons from the results of the first round and were able to design their entries to take these lessons into account.

SEE By re-analyzing data from the first tournament and some more recent data, we provide new results suggesting that the efficacy of tit-for-tat is contingent on the design of the tournament, the criterion used to determine success, and the particular values chosen for the Prisoner’s Dilemma payoff matrix. We argue that this places in doubt the generality of the results and the policy implications drawn from them.

2 × 2 PD payoff matrix that was used in the tournament had the “conventional values” [3] Using standard labeling of payoffs (T for sole defection, R for joint cooperation, P for joint defection, and S for sole cooperation), the values in this payoff matrix are (T, R, P, S) = (5, 3, 1, 0).

Real reference style here

more
https://web.archive.org/web/20011127045943/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~axe/research/Evolving.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20030810194803/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~axe/research/PD_with_Noise.pdf

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>Scientific_method< David Hume philosophically undermined the scientific method with his problem of induction and his deconstruction of causation.