Sam Harris

The very ideal of religious tolerance — born of the notion that every human being should be free to believe whatever he wants about God — is one of the principal forces driving us toward the abyss. Samuel Benjamin "Sam" Harris is a neuroscientist, author, and bigot. He is the co-founder and chief executive of Project Reason, a non-profit organization that promotes science and secularism, and host of the podcast Making Sense with Sam Harris (formerly titled Waking Up with Sam Harris). He was one of the original core members of the so-called "Intellectual Dark Web."

Harris is a vocal critic of religion, a proponent of scientific skepticism, and one of the "four horsemen" of the New Atheist movement (alongside Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and the late Christopher Hitchens). He is also an advocate for the separation of church and state, freedom of religion, and the liberty to criticize religion.

Some critics argue Harris' writings are profoundly bigoted against Muslims and extremist vis-a-vis torture and civil liberties. Harris and his supporters, however, reject that he is an "Islamophobe", claiming that such labeling is an attempt to silence criticism. They also claim that he is often being taken out of context.

Harris has also been criticized for his promotion of racialist pseudoscience and his engaging in modes of apologia for white-supremacists.

Anti-Islam or Islamophobe?
Some of Harris' fans feel his focus on Islam has taken him to some pretty bad places; others argue that modern Islam is so horrible that essentially all anti-Islam arguments are valid. The problem being "modern Islam" is not sufficiently It is certain that Harris distrusts Islam by his own admission. Islamophobia, by definition, requires actual hatred, fear, or prejudice. Though, of course, prejudice only need to refer to negative preconceptions that are not themselves rationally justifiable, to which it could be argued that Harris possesses some such preconceptions. On the contrary, many of his fans will insist that such allegations of prejudice are based in misconceptions of Harris's views; though to be fair, if one were to share in such preconceptions, they would be biased to see them as rationally justifiable.

Great Replacement Theory
Harris has recklessly promoted a rabid right-wing conspiracy theory that Muslims would have so many babies that by 2031 they'd take over France even with zero immigration. If you read his article, you'd think that frightening Muslim toddlers were on the precipice of capturing France, reminiscent of aliens hatching in a movie. It should entirely discredit his skills as a rational researcher, since with zero migration, Muslims are forecasted to reach only 12.7% of France's population by 2050. Reasons for this include that younger Muslims tend to leave the religion and that Muslims on average do not have nearly enough children. If he had simply looked up the existing number of Muslims and checked with a calculator, he wouldn't have embarrassed himself. Needless to say, the theory is false.

He later claimed to have read this somewhere, but lied by denying knowing where he read it. The actual sources of the theory was from reading "Eurabia" (and he was caught red-handed as there are screencaptures of it on his website's recommended books list, even though he has quietly removed the book). Ironically, Harris wrote a book titled "Lying", where he wrote about the extreme lengths to which he would strive for absolute honesty. All it takes is one careless and blatant lie to discredit all of the virtue-signaling he has done to convince his audience to shut off their skepticism and to trust him to have integrity.

Harris has also succinctly expressed his deep fear of Muslims replacing white Europeans with a dose of misogyny:

The brain-rot has caused him to even say kind words about fascists:

Debates about Islamic terrorism
Advocating that adherence to religious belief is a powerful indicator of the propensity to commit terrorism, Harris got into a public debate with Scott Atran, a French-American researcher who has done fieldwork with terrorists and Islamic fundamentalists. Harris warned of religious dogma that called for its followers to practice suicide bombing as martyrdom. Atran countered with data and statistics that show religious belief is not in itself a predictor of radicalization and terrorism, but that empirical data show that belonging to social networks such as neighbourhood assistance groups or sports teams are more reliable predictors of whether individuals engage in violent terrorist activity. Harris missed this point, insisting that Atran's argument was that jihadists have no ideology and are radicalised by playing soccer with each other, which is an uncharitable misreading, to say the least. Further, Harris has rhetorically asked: "Where are the Christian or Tibetan Buddhist suicide bombers?", apparently not understanding that the secular Tamil Tigers have undertaken some 400 suicide bombings, or that Christian Lebanese Phalangist terrorists mass murdered Muslim civilians during the Lebanese Civil War in incidents such as the Sabra & Shatila massacre, or that the Japanese Kamikaze were Shinto/Buddhists, or that Christians have carried out suicide attacks on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (or that Robert F. Kennedy was murdered by a ) or that in Burma/Myanmar Buddhist monks (as well as an infamous Buddhist "priest") call for the genocide of the Muslim Rohingya minority. A lot of them have actually partaken in the Rohingya genocide themselves. Moreover, Harris "never quite stoops to articulate why suicide bombing is objectively worse than more common variants of homicide like the monopoly enjoyed by Christians and Jews on aerial bombing which rubbles entire nations with far more loss of life than a semtex in a rucksack." In ironic fashion, Harris endorses drone strikes, declaring that both drones or units of Navy Seals mean: "you’re going to kill some number of innocent people and that’s terrible; and the terrible truth is there is no alternative to that."

Israel and the Palestinians
While Harris has said that Zionist settlers should be "dragged by their beards" from the illegally occupied Palestinian territories, he spends more time criticizing the radicalization of the Palestinian population. Harris either doesn't recognize or downplays the impact on the Palestinians of the myriad appalling aspects of Israel's history and occupation. Instead, he focuses almost solely on what's wrong with Hamas rather than what's also wrong with Israel. This behavior is no doubt why Harris' book, The End of Faith, was blurbed by the rabidly anti-Palestinian, pro-Israel Alan Dershowitz. In that work, Harris heavily draws on Dershowitz's book, The Case for Israel.

To a great extent, Harris affirms what the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs claims. For example, Harris repeats Israel's claim that Palestinians use human shields. On the other hand, evidence — from Israel's highest court — shows that Israel has used Palestinian civilians as human shields at least 1200 times; the Israeli military almost certainly continue to do this. Harris also claims the IDF acts with great restraint and does not target civilians, notwithstanding many reports from human rights organizations and dissident IDF soldiers debunking that illusion.

Debating the Importance of Intent
In mid 2015, Harris and radical linguist Noam Chomsky held a public conversation “about the ethics of war, terrorism, state surveillance, and related topics.” Harris posted the email exchange, characterizing it as an “unpleasant and fruitless encounter.” The core disagreement was about the role of intent when cataloging the crimes committed by the West. For example, Chomsky argues that "the U.S. government has conferred upon itself the right and freedom to murder and exterminate people for their own good" and that therefore the intent of the West is just as bad as, if not sometimes worse than, the intent of its enemies. Harris maintains otherwise, insisting that "we are, in many respects, just such a 'well-intentioned giant,'" and that "what distinguishes us from many of our enemies is that this indiscriminate violence appalls us." It certainly doesn't seem to especially appall him, since Harris often dismisses or excuses Western crimes against humanity, as shown above when he repeatedly claims the IDF does not use human shields or does not kill civilians, even though that is not the opinion of the Israeli Supreme Court, who has ruled IDF soldiers have and do commit war crimes (including human shields).

On Ted Cruz and Ben Carson
In a podcast with noted neocon Douglas Murray on the topic of Syrian refugees, Sam Harris actually considered an idea put forth by one of the clerical fascists GOP's religious loons. On Ted Cruz, Harris debated Cruz's "accept only Christians" line and argued that it was not xenophobic:

Harris actually stated that he would support Ben Carson over Noam Chomsky: Harris evidently avoided directly calling Chomsky an ideological imbecile by choosing this transitive comparison with Carson:

Despite Harris' fundamental alignment with liberals against the GOP, irresponsible adventures like these lend false credence to the right wing, reactionaries, and true regressives. Naturally, this is not because Harris criticizes Islam (which tends to be politically conservative), but rather because Cruz' confused motion that "Muslims need not apply" amounts to nothing but an intellectualized version, not just of anti-immigrant xenophobia, but of overt bigotry on the basis of faith. Harris, like Cruz, also seems to have overlooked the fact that a jihadist seeking to enter the United States under the guise of a refugee could simply lie about his faith and claim to be Christian.

Criticism of Islam — or any religion — is always warranted. Plain wrong, however, is Harris' tentative support of conservative hysteria about any worthwhile percentage of refugees posing an immediate danger to your community (either as a top secret fifth column of radicalized ISIS sleeper agents, or as an ominously ticking demographic time bomb).

Everyone knows that jihadist terrorists are both real and scary — especially the civilians who haven't just seen the devastation on TV, but have personally dodged shrapnel from ISIS. It may be easy to sometimes forget that these refugees, driven from their homes by war, exist for the simple reason that the vast majority of functioning adults — be they Arab or not and Muslim or not — would want to get themselves and their children as far away from ISIS as humanly possible. To Harris' credit, he has gone on the record to say

Given his pro-immigration stance towards Muslims of the non-theocratic variety, Harris would presumably agree that trumped-up notions of most native-born Muslims being 'spies' and every individual Muslim a 'potential jihadi' who needs to be locked away (a la the disgraceful treatment of Japanese Americans during WWII) are both ridiculous and reprehensible. What more could you expect from the addled mind of Ted Cruz?

Now, while Harris was just trying to make a point by entertaining ideas not originally his own, having done so in this context — even for the sake of argument — has been criticized as mistakenly feeding into the wordviews of (the already completely unreasonable) religious fundamentalists of both Islamic and Christian varieties, by giving Islamic extremists more fodder and Christian whackjobs a supposed 'atheist ally' in their primitive scapegoating of the other.

Criticism
In a post titled The saga of Slippery Sam, PZ Myers derides Harris and his acolytes, writing: "Sam Harris has an amazing talent: he can say the most awful things, and a horde of helpful apologists will rise up in righteous fury and simultaneously insist that he didn’t really say that, and yeah, he said that, but it only makes sense." Myers also observes about the constant demand for a Talmudic approach to Harris, "you must parse his words very carefully, one by one, and yet also his words must be understood in their greater context." On the other hand, Myers himself is not well regarded by some as a temperate critic.

Christopher Hitchens also called Sam Harris "irresponsible" for writing that, "The people who speak most sensibly about the threat that Islam poses to Europe are actually fascists," Hitchens replied to his kind words for fascists with, "Not while I'm alive they won't." After Harris ranted for several pages about his personal opposition to building a new mosque anywhere in New York city, period, in connection to his distaste for Islam, Hitchens then wrote a piece criticizing the "demagogy" of opposing building a new mosque there, and expressed that the mosque should be built, writing "Nothing could be more foreign to the spirit and letter of the First Amendment or the principle of the “wall of separation."

Glenn Greenwald, in a livestream with Kyle Kulinski, claimed that Harris is one of the only public intellectuals who does not own what he says. Rather, according to Greenwald, Harris publishes provocatively titled articles littered with equally provocative assertions, and when people criticize him for it, he then insists not only that you didn't understand what he said, you're lying about it. Harris follows that up with "clarifications" that, according to Greenwald, are comparatively banal. Given that Harris is quite intelligent and must know what he's doing, it's reasonable to consider that he may be intentionally controversial for the publicity.

Cenk Uygur criticized Harris. However, some Harris disciples accuse Uygur of not understanding Harris or, as some sort of personal vendetta, of intentionally misrepresenting him. When Uygur received word that Harris would honestly vote for "an imbecile" like Ben Carson rather than Noam Chomsky, and that he defended Ted Cruz's preferring Christian refugees over Muslim ones from Syria, Uygur stopped pulling punches.

He denounced Harris for packaging what he considers to be heinous arguments as "thought experiments", focusing specifically on Harris' suggestion that the West's only option against certain Islamists "may be" a nuclear first strike that would entail killing "millions of innocent civilians in a single day." Uygur rhetorically inquired how this thought experiment would sound if those civilians were in the State of Florida or the city of Tel Aviv. Nevertheless, in Harris' original writing in which the nuclear strike was mentioned, he qualified it as "an unthinkable crime — as it would kill tens of millions of innocent civilians in a single day" and summarized: "Clearly, I was describing a case in which a hostile regime that is avowedly suicidal acquires long-range nuclear weaponry (i.e. they can hit distant targets like Paris, London, New York, Los Angeles, etc.)." on his website. But Harris said he is willing to use nuclear weapons as he believes "it may be the only course of action" and sacrifice the tens of millions.

Harris described the idea of nuking predominantly-Muslim parts of the world as "an unthinkable crime" and "perfectly insane". More specifically, Harris said that a preemptive nuclear strike would likely be one of the only reasonable courses of action, given what might happen if extremists who believe in "religious ideas that belong on the same shelf with Batman, the philosopher’s stone, and unicorns" obtain deadly nuclear weapons, to use against people who believe in different fairy tales (or don't believe in fairy tales at all). Simply put, Sam Harris' argument vis-a-vis preemptive nuclear strikes is that if a group like ISIS, which explicitly hopes for Judgement Day and Martyrdom, ever managed to acquire both nuclear weapons and the ICBMs needed to deliver them to global targets, then Mutually Assured Destruction likely won't work as an effective deterrent, so pretty much the only way to stop such a jihadist group from nuking the world is to nuke them first. It is likely that theoretical discussion of nuclear first strikes is a common strategic exercise in military think-tanks and the Pentagon, where every possible nuclear scenario has been analyzed. Naturally, a far better option for everyone involved is to just keep apocalyptic weaponry and delivery systems out of the hands of religious maniacs in the first place.

Uygur rejected this line of thought, because a preemptive nuclear strike would still kill untold numbers of civilians, who would all die for the actions of the very few in charge of their governments. According to Uygur, this line of thought gives Harris an out to both say he supports it in some scenarios and say he's against it except in the scenarios he outlined. After showing what he thought of as the moral depravity of Harris' "non-endorsement" of such a position, Uygur addressed some of the Harris fans who contact him every time he covers Harris and his views. Uygur, who works as an internet talker, and is not generally regarded as an intellectual, tends to defer to the judgment of more recognized opinion-makers:

Jonathon Rash criticized Harris's critique of liberal intolerance for being "intellectually shallow," and said that Harris sustains a measure of anger that outpaces his understanding of the topics he’s angry about. He said Harris let his political views be shaped by well-worn personal grievances against "The Left" that are held together by the following unifying idea:

Core associate of the Intellectual Dark Web
Harris has been criticized for associating with a circle-jerk of conservative pundits who brand themselves as "The Intellectual Dark Web," which he joined because he felt "unfairly" criticized by the left for defending Charles Murray's pseudoscience. He attended a photoshoot for an article on the new group by New York Times writer Bari Weiss as a member. He would later distance himself from the movement in late 2020 and pretend that repeatedly taking photographs with the group doesn't imply much of a relationship after Bret Weinstein and Maajid Nawaz started promoting the Republican big lie of Trump having actually won the election. Although he says he is a liberal, on the cultural issues he is most interested in talking about, he tends to land solidly on the right, and the brunt of his attacks tend to be on the left while he promotes conservative punditry like a smarter Dave Rubin. He has been criticized for leading young people to far-right radicalization and racist views while avoiding peer review and editorial oversight processes that would stop him from sharing misinformation.

Racist science
Sam Harris has seriously considered racial science and the concept of race determining intelligence. Harris invited Charles Murray onto his podcast in 2017 to discuss his widely criticized book The Bell Curve. Critics have claimed Harris simply failed to ask any challenging or skeptical question of Murray and presented him as the 'victim of a politically-correct moral panic'. Harris said that Murray was "the intellectual who was treated most unfairly in my lifetime."

Patriarchal takes
Sweeping one's own side of the street doesn't appeal to Harris and he has been known to adopt the not as bad as argument, saying that feminists must "agitate" and fight against Muslim oppression of women rather than focus so much on abortion rights at home. Harris admonishes Western feminists to instead join him against his primary obsession: the sexually repressive artifacts of Islamic culture. Harris claimed in a podcast with Kyle Kulinski that Western feminists "spend more time complaining about Gamergate" than actually pushing for women's rights. To put it more succinctly, Harris thinks of western Feminists as slackers.

Defense of Lawrence Krauss
Lawrence Krauss is a professor facing allegations of sexual harassment and assault. Krauss was supposed to join Harris and other prominent atheists and scientists for a discussion forum. Harris came to Krauss' defense and argued "a friend" with a "much-cherished scientific reputation [is] under assault." While Harris said his "default is to believe women," he claimed "the #MeToo movement is showing itself liable to wrap up people like Harvey Weinstein and Aziz Ansari in the same sentence," arguing that "a bad and awkward date" is "being lumped in the same sense that is clearly rape."

Alignment with J.K. Rowling and transphobes
Harris has aligned with transphobes out of concern about young girls getting surgeries to transition. He said that the problem about having these conversations isn't that there are a lot of transphobic bigots, and that he sides with J.K. Rowling (who is known for transphobia) against what he calls "the new religion" [of the left.]

"Captains of industry" should restrict the free speech of their employees
Harris took another extreme-right position and advocated for CEOs at large technology companies such as Apple to simply fire employees that speak up against sexist bosses, because protesting creepy bosses is being "too woke." In an ode to McCarthyism he then said that companies should create and share a blacklist to prevent "woke" employees from ever working at another tech company in Silicon Valley. When his proposal was turned down (and they probably informed him between fits of laughter that blacklisting is illegal), he just inferred that wokeness was an even bigger threat than he thought, because they were scared enough to "capitulate to wokeness."

""So I floated that example to these captains of industry and I said, “At what point do your companies just hold the line and say if you feel that way, go work somewhere else.”"

- Sam Harris from Sam Harris's Youtube channel, at 36:56 "A Conversation with Jesse Singal (Episode #250)"]

Apologist for white supremacists
As recently as August 23rd, 2021, Harris has called white supremacy a fringe phenomenon. If you can ascertain the worth of a man by who his friends and his enemies are then Harris has defended many white supremacists in his career:

Milo Yiannopoulos
In a podcast with Douglas Murray, Milo Yiannopoulos came up for discussion. Harris said "the Milo I've seen is very far from being a Neo-Nazi or someone whose attitudes are truly of the right. That's probably not an accident, he's flamboyantly gay and half Jewish, so I don't know how right wing he could be in the end." While pedantically true that someone who is gay, Jewish, and understands the first thing about Nazi ideology likely wouldn't support it, you can still be a Right Wing Nut Job without being a Nazi per se, so either Harris is remarkably unaware of Milo's history as an alt-right Breitbart editor, or he's got a very limited idea of what counts as "far-right wing".

Tommy Robinson
Sam Harris has also promoted far-right provocateur Tommy Robinson and called Dave Rubin's talk with him a "Great interview." He did not walk back his support for Tommy Robinson to any meaningful degree.

Andy Ngo and Quillette
Sam Harris has sided with far-right provocateur Andy Ngo who he described as, "A journalist at Quillette, an online magazine which is often unfairly called conservative. It's conservative in a way that the IDW--the Intellectual Dark Web--is conservative, but it's really just a centrist magazine that criticizes the insanity on the left, so it is branded by left--certainly the far-left as conservative..." He called the people who knocked Andy Ngo down "sociopaths," without filling in the context about who Andy was, how he went there to start a scene, or how little he was hurt.

He never publicly retracted his defense of Andy Ngo. He also said he hopes that the people in the video would go to prison and that, "You might meet some real neo-Nazis and ascribing fascists in prison to keep you company, and that's actually what one hopes for the people in the video." He also said they "You want the far right to show up, and you certainly want the state to clamp down on this behavior." In typical Harris fashion, he said this could result in 4 more years of Trump. Even though it's obvious he's actually terrified of being punched by Antifa because of his long record of defending racists.

Neo-Confederates
Though identity politics can have problems (if defined as the rallying of people behind a common trait such as race), Harris went over-the-top on Black Lives Matter and has described Black Lives Matter as "dangerous", "retrograde", and "dishonest", going far to call it "obviously destructive to civil society", emphasizing the "obvious" part.

Harris had another podcast with Gavin de Becker, and the topic switched to Antifa and the chaos in Charlottesville. Again, he chose to condemn Antifa as "also violent," ripping the same page straight out of Donald Trump's playbook, and portrayed the Neo-Nazis as victims of violence by "Antifa goons." He unironically called the pro-Confederate Neo-Nazis "peaceful marchers who just happened to be Nazis". He called Antifa "a dangerous organization" and condemned them for committing acts of violence against, again, "peaceful marchers who just happened to be Nazis." This leaves out how, if there were any violence done by "Antifa goons," Richard Spencer notwithstanding, it was generally done in self defense after the Neo-Nazis themselves ended their "peaceful" marching by actively killing people or attempting to kill people on the streets. Still on the topic of the right wing's rise, Harris said that his major concern was that the left was abdicating its responsibility to criticize "creeping theocracy under the guise of civil rights for Muslims" to the far right, saying the latter is the increasingly becoming the only one "calling a spade a spade and addressing" this great danger of a Muslim theocracy occurring in Christian American.

Somewhat worryingly, Harris has also flirted with more racist-baiting subjects, such as having an entirely fawning podcast with Charles Murray where he offered no actual rebuttal or challenges to Murray's research and instead held him as an academic martyr unfairly silenced.

Sargon of Akkad
Days after Sargon was deplatformed from Patreon for saying the "n-word" in a podcast, Harris announced he would delete his own Patreon to show solidarity with alt-right provocateurs free speech absolutists. Harris justified it by repeating the cliche that when Sargon told his fans to stop acting like nig***s he was only being taken out of context.

When Sargon tried to run as a politician for the UKIP and was repeatedly milkshaked, Sam Harris chimed in with the right-wing outrage machine and tweeted about how it's a slippery slope from throwing milkshakes in protest to assassinating targets.

Charles Murray
In 2018, Vox wrote an OP-ED criticizing Harris for presenting Charles Murray as another victim of the "intolerant left" rather than accurately presenting the scientific and liberal criticism Murray has received. Harris reacted by calling out Ezra Klein, Vox's editor over twitter, who reached out by email to ask Sam to just consider platforming another scientist from the field like who could scrutinize Murray's conclusions and share a more widely held perspective that isn't racist. Harris refused, claiming Nisbett was intellectually dishonest, and instead published their private emails as justification for why he wouldn't talk to Ezra Klein anymore. To his surprise, many of his fans didn't take his side and called him thin-skinned to criticism, and demanded Sam just talk to Ezra Klein. He relented, and spent the podcast painting the left as politically incorrect and intellectually dishonest, and overly sensitive about racism. Ezra Klein focused on criticizing the validity of Murray's data, and informing Harris about the history of confirmation bias and racism in scientific research.

Stefan Molyneux
Harris went to a live event with, a former Neo-Nazi who had renounced racism and started a program to deprogram other white supremacists. During the event Picciolini criticized Stefan Molyneux:

After video to the event had been uploaded to Youtube, Stefan Molyneux sent an e-mail asking Sam Harris to censor this and the rest of Christian Picciolini's criticism of him for being slander. Sam Harris obliged and deleted 6 minutes from the audio clip, resulting in Picciolini calling Harris out as an enabler of white supremacy. As of this writing, Sam Harris still denies knowing whether Stefan Molyneux is a racist.

Tucker Carlson
Sam Harris has continuously bent over backward to defend Tucker Carlson and to deny that he is racist or dog whistling. When discussing a quote where Tucker pushed the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, Sam Harris defended him.

Donald Trump on racism
Harris was one of Donald Trump's most vocal critics during the 2016 election, describing him variously as "A distillation of everything that's wrong with the American character", a "crazed man-child", "A man who can't even pretend to be a good person for five minutes at a stretch" and "So unfit for the presidency that he has done great harm to our society by merely campaigning for it". He also devoted several episodes of his popular podcast exclusively to making the case for why Hillary Clinton should be President.

However, he has consistently defended him on specific charges of racism, perhaps beginning as early as Neo-Nazi apologetic bothsiderism on Charlottesville. He chose to give Trump "the benefit of the doubt," and agreed with Trump that "both sides" were at fault for the violence in Charlottesville, though one side, the alt-right, is demonstrably more violent (by killing someone with a car) and hateful (being racist and literal Neo-Nazis and all) than the other. He also wrote a tweet previously saying that while "all identity politics" is detestable, "white identity politics is the most detestable of all."

When Donald Trump told Ilhan Omar and 3 other congresswomen of color to 'Go Back’ to the countries they came from, Sam Harris made a 45 minute podcast to argue that it wasn't an inherently racist thing to say.

Harris was promptly criticized for not even knowing that in the 19th century Americans were extremely racist against Irish immigrants. There were "Irish and negroes need not apply" signs on storefronts, as white Americans considered Irish to be a sub-human species just like blacks. Revealing again that studying history is not one of Sam Harris's interests. Harris also completely ignored the fact that 3 of the 4 women weren't immigrants at all, having been born in the United States.

Longtermism
Harris wrote an enthusiastic blurb for William MacAskill's seminal What We Owe the Future: No living philosopher has had a greater impact upon my ethics than Will MacAskill. In What We Owe The Future, MacAskill has transformed my thinking once again, by patiently dismantling the lazy intuitions that rendered me morally blind to the interests of future generations. This is an altogether thrilling and necessary book.

Paranormal
Harris views paranormal phenomena skeptically:

Unidentified Flying Objects
Harris is convinced that Earth has been visited by aliens and the government knows it because his unidentified friend told him so.

Conspirituality Hustler
Harris jumped on the "Mcmindfulness" conspirituality fad and now sells perhaps the most expensive meditation app on the market, which he promotes by routinely asserting extraordinary claims about meditation. He has been criticized for claiming that he's right about things because he meditates. He has also claimed without bothering to demonstrate it that he could be put in solitary confinement, and yet, he would still be perfectly happy because he can meditate. It's more reasonable to assume that a man who grew up as the heir to a Hollywood family fortune and who still chooses to live in a mansion has oversold his ability to tolerate a reduction to his personal standard of living. Robert Wright, a journalist with a bacheloir's degree from Princeton in public and international affairs, has repeatedly criticized Harris for misrepresenting the practice of meditation and selling it as a tool that has given him super-rationality and made him transcend tribalism, unlike normal humans. Chris Kavanagh and Matthew Browne also meditate, and they have criticized how Harris uses the subjective experiences of meditation to try and prove grander claims such as free will or on identity. He criticized how Harris claims that if you meditate you'll agree with him, but that if you don't, then you must have not meditated properly, which is a tautology.

Project Reason
Project Reason is described on its website as "..a 501(c)(3) nonprofit foundation devoted to spreading scientific knowledge and secular values in society. The foundation draws on the talents of prominent and creative thinkers in a wide range of disciplines to encourage critical thinking and erode the influence of dogmatism, superstition, and bigotry in our world." One of its earliest and most notable contributions was funding Sam Harris' own PhD. Its advisory board is a mixed bag of various scientists, skeptics and atheists, including;
 * Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Recipient of the Lantos Human Rights Prize (known for some slight miscommunication in the Netherlands, holder of some wingnut beliefs and often guilty of accommodationism of Christians, including a desire to see Christians proselytize and convert Muslims ). On the other hand, proselytizing is consistent with the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.
 * Richard Dawkins (unfortunately becoming increasingly well known for his... distrust... of Muslims rather than anything else). Literate people know him through an extensive bibliography.
 * Christopher Hitchens (until he popped his clogs). Unfortunately, he is still dead.
 * Bill Maher (quite a rational man, if one overlooks Muslim bashing and uncritical support for Israeli policies toward Palestinians,  his denial of germ theory and his notion that Louis Pasteur recanted it on his death bed, his anti-vaccination stance, and his anti-GMO stance). On the other hand, he is an avowed comedian, so one should be at least somewhat skeptical of his factual pronouncements.

Project Reason died without accomplishing anything of significance, and in hindsight it appears to have just been one of Harris's early brand-building hustles and possibly a money-laundering scheme.

Books and professional writing
Harris is the author of the 2004 book  In 2006, Harris published Letter to a Christian Nation as a response to criticism of The End of Faith. This was followed by  published in 2010, in which Harris argues that science can help answer moral problems and can aid the facilitation of human well-being. He subsequently published a long-form essay ' in 2011, the short book ' in 2012, ' in 2014 and ' in 2015.

Harris has written articles for The Huffington Post, Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, The New York Times, Newsweek, and the scientific journal Nature, covering a diversity of topics including religion, morality, neuroscience, free will, terrorism, and self-defense. He regularly gives talks around the United States and Great Britain, including a speech at. Harris has also made numerous television appearances and appeared in the documentary films The God Who Wasn't There (2005) and The Unbelievers (2013).

In his book The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason Harris argues that unjustified beliefs, specifically religious beliefs, need to be challenged. He describes a belief as a "lever that, once pulled, moves almost everything else in a person's life." p. 12

He dedicates a section of the book to what he sees as the problem with Islam. p. 109 He considers Islam to be a special case, due to the amount of text in the Qur'an that would need to be ignored for it to be a truly peaceful religion, of course whether he's giving a pass to the Bible or just doesn't want to tread a well worn path is up for debate. He uses the results of a 2002 survey by the Pew Research Center which posed a question to Muslims of whether they felt suicide bombing or other violence against civilian targets could be justified in the defense of Islam, which revealed shockingly high support in many countries. p. 125 Though the context of this support for suicide bombings was under occupation according to polls.

Elsewhere, he sees Islam as violent, anachronistic. and opposed to important Western values, notably free speech. Harris accuses Western liberals of being more concerned with political correctness and with avoiding accusations of racism than with defending Western freedom. Given some statements Harris has made, even within the book, it's possible he may actually have some sort of bias:

And:

At the end of the book Harris seems to show a greater respect for Eastern religions than for Western religions. He admits that Asia has had a fair share of "false prophets and charlatan saints," but that Asian cultures have also developed some wondrous insights into consciousness by direct experimentation with meditation. p. 215-217 He also argues that this spirituality or mysticism does not need to be attached to a single dogma and can be experienced and experimented with in a scientific manner. p. 217 This is part of a larger argument which he makes in the book: it needs to be acknowledged that spiritual experiences can be experienced regardless of religious belief, and they are not evidence of any claims other than the experiences themselves. This makes mysticism a rational enterprise that can make claims about subjective experiences and consciousness without attempting to attach them to claims about the universe as a whole. p. 221 YMMV on if it goes too far into woo territory.

Another Harris book, The Moral Landscape, argues that all moral claims are in principle scientific claims, Harris' contention being that all moral claims are claims about the well-being or suffering of conscious creatures and so there must be facts about the experiences of these creatures whether we know these facts or not. He was notably savaged for this, within both the philosophical and the atheist communities. Many criticisms focused on the perceived totalitarianism inherent in science telling people how to achieve wellbeing as articulated in the novel 'Brave New World'. Other criticisms claimed that defining wellbeing in scientific terms to be an impossible task in principle because wellbeing is subjective and different for all. In philosophical circles, he was criticized for breaking Hume's law and straw manning ethical and moral philosophies, or rather for denigrating the debates that occur in within moral philosophy as "boring". Harris has responded to these criticisms by stating that Hume's law is not an actual law of the universe and that it does not stand up to his idea of deeper scrutiny (you could argue that Harris' own arguments fall apart with scrutiny, but don't tell him that), and by comparing the abstract definition of 'wellbeing' to that of 'health' such that the words do not need rigorous definition to be practical. His full response to many different critics has been posted to his website.

Harris has conducted scientific research wrote a research paper, and by research we mean three papers that used fMRI scans and was based on the experiments done by people who weren't Sam Harris and interpreted by people who were Sam Harris, on the neuroscience of religious belief. Statistician William Briggs has pointed out the flaws of the study, concluding with: “During the course of my investigation of scientism and bad science, I have read a great many bad, poorly reasoned papers. This one might not be the worst, but it deserves a prize for mangling the largest number of things simultaneously.” On the other hand Briggs has been accused of both incompetence and dishonesty by the American biological anthropologist Greg Laden. Mr. Briggs refers to himself as "Statistician to the Stars," on his website.

As science has advanced, more doubt has been cast on the papers Harris wrote due to the high false-positive readings of fMRI. Harris has ceased to do major work in neuroscience to focus on his career in philosophy and on the New Atheism circuit. Harris has since published very little on the subject of neuroscience.

A brief bibliography:


 * : Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason (2004). ISBN 0-393-03515-8
 * Letter to a Christian Nation (2006). ISBN 0-307-26577-3
 * : How Science Can Determine Human Values (2010). ISBN 978-1-4391-7121-9
 *  (2011) ISBN 978-1940051000
 *  (2012). ISBN 978-1451683400
 *  (2014) ISBN 978-1451636017
 *  (2015) ISBN 978-0674088702