Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, also known by her initials AOC, is an American Democratic socialist politician and activist who is currently a United States Representative from New York's 14th Congressional district. She is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America and In addition, her campaign was endorsed by political action committees Brand New Congress and MoveOn, and by the Black Lives Matter movement.

Background
Born in the Bronx, New York City, Ocasio-Cortez graduated cum laude from Boston University's College of Arts and Sciences in 2011 with a bachelor's degree in economics and international relations. Joe Crowley was her chief rival for the Democratic primary before being defeated in June 2018 and endorsing Ocasio-Cortez's run for the House of Representatives. Following the results of the 2018 midterm elections, which saw a record-breaking number of female candidates, she became the youngest woman ever elected to the House. She was an aide for Ted Kennedy towards the end of his life and worked for Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign in the 2016 election.

Ocasio-Cortez identifies as Catholic.

Political positions
Ocasio-Cortez is a self-proclaimed democratic socialist but later interviews show that what she means is social democracy though her rhetoric is further to the left of historical social democrats.

Economics and environmental policy are Ocasio-Cortez's political bread and butter, and are tightly interconnected. She has described climate change as "the single biggest national security threat for the United States" and stated that "The world is going to end in 12 years if we don't address climate change". She proposed an environmental economic stimulus program know as the "Green New Deal" to combat climate change. The program has been endorsed and praised by numerous members of Congress.

Her economic policies include universal healthcare, postal banking, (the United States previously had a Postal Savings System from 1911 to 1966) reinstating the Glass-Steagall Act, a Federal jobs guarantee, basic income, tuition-free public college and trade school and wants to cancel all of student debt.

She favors reducing the military budget, and wants only Congress to have the power to declare war. Additionally, she advocates the abolition of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). She argues that the creation of ICE is an example of unchecked executive powers at the expense of civil rights and points to the family-separation policy of Donald Trump. She wants to provide immigrants with a clear path towards citizenship.

She has clarified that she does not support stopping all deportations. This was after a bit of controversy over the deportation of a former Nazi living in New York being deported back to Germany. On LGBT issues Ocasio-Cortez endorses the Equality Act, Every Child Deserves a Family Act, and the Student Non-Discrimination Act.

Ocasio-Cortez supports the release of nonviolent drug offenders, banning private prisons, the abolition of cash bail, and automatic, independent investigations for killings of individuals by law enforcement. Furthermore, she has "advocated for the decriminalization" of prostitution, stating that "[s]ex work is work". Finally, she also supports the federal legalization of marijuana and an end to the War on Drugs.

Ocasio-nally misleading claims
An eager political newcomer, AOC has the unfortunate tendency to speak without actually knowing the facts. In her words, she believes it's more importantly to be "morally correct" than "factually right", which sounds like something out of a George Orwell novel. She has made some blunders including the misleading claim that The Pentagon was responsible for "massive accounting fraud" worth $21 trillion from 1998 to 2015, and that money could be used to fund Medicare for All. In reality, while the Pentagon did fail an audit test, indicating a serious accounting problem that needs to be addressed, its actual combined budget during those years was $9.2 trillion, less than half the alleged fraud. The number $21 trillion came from the adjustments made to the Pentagon's financial records. Money that cannot be traced is not the same thing as money spent or wasted.

Amazon deal
One of her criticisms from New Yorkers was the handling of Amazon "HQ2" deal, and is not unfairly blamed for it being cancelled. She was hardly the only politician to criticize the deal, but she was the one with the most media attention.

In short, Amazon wanted to build a new headquarters, but also wanted the various cities/states to try to outbid each other in terms of tax breaks. If corporate tax avoidance sounds bad, that's because you are not a billionaire asshole. In essence, tax breaks are a variant of the prisoner's dilemma. Whether or not the other cities and states offer tax breaks to convince companies to move in or stay, your city or state almost always benefits from offering them too, even if the overall best situation is when no one offers them at all. The obvious way to solve this problem is for all the states/cities to agree not to give them when they aren't actually needed, i.e., have the Federal government step in to prevent them. Which, as a member of Congress, it would be AOC's job to do… except she didn't. Furthermore, in the absence of a "no tax breaks allowed deal", it's actually the job of the NY representatives such as AOC to try to get those special deals in NY's favor (i.e., pork) and the job of other representatives to squash the deal or bribe New Yorkers with something else in exchange; politics is ugly like that.

The deal was estimated to bring in close to $30,000,000,000 in tax revenue over ten years, and since New York City has many advantages and amenities that other cities simply do not, NYC "only" had to offer about 10% of that in the form of tax breaks to Amazon. That is, NYC would collect $27B instead of $30B in tax revenue from Amazon, and NYC would still get the additional benefits of the extra jobs and consumer spending. AOC saw this and somehow claimed that this meant that NY was actually paying Amazon $3 billion. Furthermore, NYC has pretty much the worst levels of income inequality in the whole country as there are relatively few middle-class jobs; this deal was expected to bring in 25-40 thousand middle and upper-middle class jobs to NYC, which would have reduced the number of New Yorkers needing assistance as well. The location also had the advantage of being Queens instead of Manhattan, which would've spread the wealth around the city a bit more evenly instead of just pumping more money into the richest part of Manhattan. Even mayor Bill de Blasio, one of the more left-wing of New York's mayors, had it in for AOC over this.

In the end, the deal fell through, and many of her constituents were less than thrilled, though not enough to nominate someone else in her place.

Green New Deal and healthcare
Her nonbinding Green New Deal resolution was undermined by a FAQ sheet posted on her website containing some of the more extreme ideas that were not included in the actual resolution itself, such as offering "economic security" to those "unwilling to work", as well as halting the construction of new nuclear power plants. (Although to be fair, these were later retracted.) Her chief of staff said that it was released prematurely, and that people should pay attention to the "big picture" instead of "little typos". In any case, this has created confusion for the tens of Democrats who voiced their support for the Green New Deal, including declared presidential candidates for the 2020 election, such as Elizabeth Warren, and her former boss Bernie Sanders.

In February 2019, Ocasio-Cortez asserted in an MSNBC interview that "70% of Americans believe in improved and expanded Medicare for All". This is regarded as a half-truth by PolitiFact, noting that she got this figure from a Reuters poll.

A poll conducted by the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation (A foundation started by the healthcare consortium Kaiser Permanente) in January 2019 found that while yes, 71% of Americans do in fact agree that healthcare should be a human right, support for Medicare for All drops to 37% if it means higher taxes, and even further down to 26% if it leads to longer wait times. One sees that political discourse on this proposal remains in its infancy; public opinion is not yet stable. Estimates for the cost of the plan varies from $25 trillion to $35 trillion over a ten year period, according to various independent studies. A study by a libertarian think tank suggested that Medicare for All could cost $32.6 trillion over ten years. By 2019, Medicare for All has become a major political issue for Democrats in Congress, as well as in state and local governments. Many tried to control costs and expand coverage, including for illegal immigrants.

Economics
In a 2018 interview on PBS, Ocasio-Cortez claimed that, "Unemployment is low because everyone has two jobs. Unemployment is low because people are working 60, 70, 80 hours a week and can barely feed their family." This statement about US unemployment is misleading on several counts. First, obviously, when the unemployment rate is computed a person is counted as employed if they have at least one job. They do not get counted multiple times if they have more jobs. So multiple job holding and long hours do not affect the unemployment rate. Second, people who might be working 70 or 80 hours a week amount to a tiny percentage — 310,000 people at most in a pool of employed Americans totaling more than 150 million. Also, on average, Americans are not working more today than they have been in the recent past, they're working around 40 and a half hours a week. According to the US Department of Labor's Bureau of Statistics, only 4.9% of people in the workforce had multiple jobs in 2017. That figure was never been higher than 6.5% over the previous 24 years.

Ocasio-Cortez wants a 70% marginal income tax on people whose annual earnings exceed $10 million, arguing that her tax scheme is hardly unprecedented. Such a high top rate has sparked a debate even within her own party, where people tend to be open to the idea of raising taxes on the wealthy. Suggested alternatives include eliminating past tax cuts for the rich and taxing foreign revenues of multinational corporations. However, experts warned that this is a most inappropriate time for letting the deficit grow, given a recent massive tax cut. In 2019, the U.S. national debt topped $22 trillion thanks to a mismatch between government spending and revenue. While public support for higher taxes has fallen from 77% in 1992 down to 62% in 2018, according to a Gallup poll, there is rising support for tax hikes on the wealthy among liberal voters, with Democrats being twice as likely to support higher taxes on the wealthy. In contrast, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 is favored by only 8% of Democrats but about three-quarters of Republicans and one-third of independents. Meanwhile, an NPR/PBS/Marist poll showed that although only 11% of voters in the 2018 midterm elections considered tax cuts to be an important issue, 60% wanted to reverse the tax cuts in order to fund Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security.

While Ocasio-Cortez correctly pointed out that income inequality is a serious problem facing the United States today, she is often careless about the accuracy of her specific statements, which undermines her message. For example, she said that the "vast majority" of Americans do not make a living wage. But according to an expert in economic geography and regional planning consulted by The Washington Post, that actual number is below 40%, which is still large, but does not justify the phrase "vast majority". This is also found in 2016 wage statistics hosted by the Social Security Administration. However, 27.3 million Americans work part-time and 19.2 million are between the ages of 16 and 24, which may help to explain why the number of workers not earning a living wage is so high.

She was, however, correct when she claimed that minimum wage workers may have to work for more than 100 hours a week to support their children.

Energy
Her plan is to have United States run on 100% renewable energy within ten years of the passage of her nonbinding Green New Deal. In fact, she wants the U.S. to be a world leader in the field of renewable energy, even though fossil fuels amounted to 80% of the U.S. energy market in 2018. Furthermore, she wants massive investments in emissions-free vehicle manufacturing and infrastructure.

While she does not explicitly rule out nuclear power and carbon-capturing technology, she is incredibly inconsistent with the former. In the FAQ about the Green New Deal, it wrote, "A Green New Deal is a massive investment in renewable energy production and would not include creating new nuclear plants." Nuclear power is a zero-carbon-emission energy source. Moreover, it says "the plan is to transition off of all nuclear and all fossil fuels as soon as possible." However, the resolution states that the plan is to meet "100 percent of the power demand in the United States through, clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources".

A point of confusion was over carbon emissions. Ocasio-Cortez wants the United States to achieve net-zero emissions, not zero emissions, which would be technologically impossible, given the necessary changes to American infrastructure and manufacturing. She makes this clear in the FAQ, saying, "We set a goal to get to net-zero, rather than zero, in 10 years because we aren’t sure that we’ll be able to fully get rid of farting cows and airplanes that fast".

Transportation
Ocasio-Cortez wants to improve the resiliency of U.S. infrastructure, to maximize the energy, and water efficiency of buildings, and to upgrade to energy-efficient "smart grids". She supports more investments in public transit, and high-speed rail. She seeks to stimulate the growth of green manufacturing in the United States, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, and to provide "universal access to clean water".

At one point, her FAQ sheet called for the construction of "high-speed rail at a scale where air travel stops becoming necessary." This is not in the final draft of the Green New Deal resolution. High-speed rail is only about as time-efficient as air travel for distances of around 400 miles (640 km) or less. Therefore, it makes sense to build a high-speed railway connecting New York City and Boston, which are 215 miles (344 km) apart, but not New York City and Los Angeles, separated by a distance of 2790 miles (4464 km). High-speed rail is expensive but could be feasible depending on the region. For example, the annual ridership of Amtrak's Chicago-St. Louis corridor, within the last decade or so has been well over half a million and its average travel time was five and a half hours in 2017. A study conducted by the University of Illinois and the Illinois Department of Transportation estimated that if a high-speed rail service of 220 mph (352 km/h) was provided, ridership would increase to somewhere between eight and fifteen million while travel time could drop to just about two hours.

Congressional career
Before she was sworn in the 116th Congress, Ocasio-Cortez participated in an orientation for new members in November 2018 where she exposed the influence of lobbyists on Capitol Hill. She went on Twitter to expose the specific lobbyists leading the orientation: "Lobbyists are here. Goldman Sachs is here. Where's labor? Activists? Frontline community leaders?"

In fact, AOC has the unique trait of having a massive media presence for someone who's not a celebrity and was virtually unknown before winning her primary. In November 2018, two months before she was sworn in, she had 1.4 million Twitter followers and by July 2019 that number grew to almost 4.8 million She has generated as much social media attention as the Democratic presidential candidates for 2020 though some of this media attention is due to alt-right trolls and Donald Trump trying to turn her into the "face" of the Democratic Party, thinking the ideas she represents would harm the Democrats.

Ocasio-Cortez wants to use her newfound fame and power to realize a vision for an America that is diametrically opposed to that of then-President Trump. Shortly after being elected to Congress, she proposed the highly ambitious, but nonbinding resolution, the Green New Deal, whose name came from the New Deal, the package of socioeconomic programs from President Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at combating the Great Depression. Experts such as Ernest Moniz, a nuclear physicist who worked under the Obama administration, and Ken Caldeira, an atmospheric researcher at the Carnegie Institution for Science, have expressed doubts about the feasibility of this proposal, given that she wants the goals met within ten years.

In an act that Democrats in Congress called a stunt, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell leader stated that he wanted the Senate to vote on the Green New Deal should it reach the Senate to put Democrats on record for supporting it. Unlike the many bills that McConnell has stifled, he probably thinks that there is no political loss allowing a vote on it since it wasn't going to pass a Republican-controlled Senate, it would have put Democratic Senators on record for supporting it which could have been useful for Republican election campaigning, and even if it did pass it would have had no effect because it's nonbinding.

Her fame continued well after she was sworn in; in her first speech in the House, Ocasio-Cortez slammed the Trump administration over the partial government shutdown. In spite of the speech being barely four minutes long, the C-SPAN tweet containing her speech garnered a record setting 1.16 million views. In February, a political video posted on Twitter garnered 37.5 million views in which Alexandria exposes the influence of dark money in the government.

Other actions she has taken include sharply questioning of Trump's then-personal lawyer Michael Cohen before the Oversight Commission and tearing Mark Zuckerberg apart for allowing fake news to proliferate in Facebook for which she received praise.

In spite of her allegedly staunch environmental stance, she voted alongside the rest of the Democratic House caucus for a bill that allocated $580 million in federal funding over two years to public and private energy development in Europe and Eurasia, including natural gas and fracking. The bill was pushed as a policy to counter Russia's energy dominance.

Pelosi insider trading
AOC, along with Elizabeth Warren, got into a fight with Nancy Pelosi over application of the "Stop Trading On Congressional Knowledge" or "STOCK" Act. Pelosi's husband has made a number of suspiciously prescient stock and derivatives trades, increasing their net worth well into the 8 figure range. These trades have attracted a bit of attention and accusations of political corruption. Even in the event that Nancy Pelosi isn't sharing inside information with her husband nor is he sharing information about their finances with her and thus potentially influencing her decisions within the House, the mere appearance of such a conflict of interest inevitably erodes public confidence in Congress's ability to act in the public's best interest.

Wingnut obsession and conspiracy mongering
Being an educated, left-wing, Hispanic, and attractive young woman makes AOC an obvious target for wingnuts. Conservative men have an extremely unhealthy obsession with her, and she's a big target of hoax claims and false accusations.

Some of the notable nuttery includes:
 * She's an actress paid to pretend to be a Congresswoman. This one comes from a misunderstanding of what a political action committee is.


 * A manufactroversy over Trump's violent rhetoric


 * Another manufactorversy over Ocasio-Cortez (correctly) calling the Democratic Party a "center-conservative" party with a progressive wing


 * During one of her town hall meetings, a woman stood up and started yelling that to deal with climate change we should start eating babies.


 * Being accused of fake crying at an immigrant camp, suspiciously reminiscent of when President Obama was accused of fake crying about gun violence


 * Calling for a ban on 9/11 images


 * A fake tweet about the difficulty of refueling gasoline-powered cars during hurricanes


 * Memes containing out-of-context or even fabricated quotes


 * Wanting to ban open carry


 * Saying that Christianity should be ignored for being a superstition


 * Claiming that US soldiers are overpaid


 * Calling the US garbage when she was actually criticizing both parties for abandoning the working class


 * She was fired from a hot dog firm for incompetence