Energy Catalyzer

The Energy Catalyzer (e-Cat) is a purported cold fusion reactor that is claimed to work by adding hydrogen to nickel to make copper, a reaction so ridiculously unfeasible it doesn't even happen in supernova explosions.

It was created by two Italians, Andrea Rossi and They claim that their 400W input creates 12,400W of output heat. In other words, a 31:1 ratio. Subsequent experiments which took Internet criticism into account produced less and less output.

Their claims raise a number of red flags, starting with the fact that they chose to announce their discovery at a press conference without publishing anything in peer reviewed journals. They tried to get published but were rejected by serious journals. Their initial patent application was rejected.

Rossi's 2011 demonstrations showed neither measurable gamma nor neutron radiation, and there is no proof for the creation of non-natural isotope ratios in the alleged fusion products. Independent tests which might have proven a fusion process have so far failed.

Rossi claimed a 1 MW plant would be in operation by October 2011. His October 28th test put out 470kW! … though the "starter" generator attached to the device (throughout the test) looked to observers &mdash; even supporters &mdash; rather like it could generate about 500kW.

In May 2013, a study was uploaded to arXiv which seemed to show evidence that the E-Cat works. However, the study is riddled with terrible science and uncritical analysis of the claims made by Rossi. The most glaring of which is how the latest study has done nothing to explain away the evidence of fraud from the prior test. In 2011, the reaction products produced by the E-Cat were examined and it was found that the ratios were beyond the scope of possibility.

A February 2015 attempt to replicate the e-Cat heated to 1000°C and went bang, though likely due to the gaseous hydrogen and (pyrophoric) lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) present.

Rossi's credentials
Rossi holds a laurea (a final degree at an Italian University with an obligatory doctorate) in philosophy from the University of Milan. Rossi claims a second laurea title in "Ingegneria Chimica" (chemical engineering) at Kensington University in California, a known diploma mill which was shut down by court order in 2003.

Rossi has previously been convicted of illegal trafficking of waste materials and was arrested for gold smuggling and money laundering.