Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church

For the first time in this country, a report into child sexual abuse exposes an attempt by the Holy See to frustrate an inquiry in a sovereign, democratic republic as little as three years ago, not three decades ago. And in doing so, [we excavate] the dysfunction, the disconnection, the elitism that dominate the culture of the Vatican today...I want to make it clear, as Taoiseach, that when it comes to the protection of the children of this State, the standards of conduct which the Church deems appropriate to itself, cannot and will not, be applied to the workings of democracy and civil society in this republic. Not purely, or simply, or otherwise, because children have to be, and will be, put first. When Jesus said, 'Suffer the little children, come unto me,' that's not what he was talking about!

Child sexual abuse perpetrated by priests appears to have a long history within Christianity, and is especially associated with the Roman Catholic Church, due to a number of high profile scandals which have come to light in recent decades.

Many of these scandals relate to molestations committed decades ago, which were hushed up by the Church at the time. This hushing up included pressurising abuse victims into silence, a practice supported by Church decrees such as the Crimen sollicitationis. Priests can also threaten victims with eternal damnation if they speak up to secular authorities. This culture of secrecy and self-preservation is one of the factors which has allowed paedophiles to remain active within the clergy, together with the tradition of clerical celibacy which may attract those who cannot satisfy their sexual proclivities openly, and priests' frequent access to children in the pastoral duties.

21st century scandals
In the early 2000s, several priest molestation scandals broke that have rippled worldwide. Many cases were not prosecutable, as the evidence uncovered was from so long ago that the Statute of Limitations had expired. As a result of some of the cases, there was a push to alter these statutes so that adults who were molested as children would have a chance to testify and seek justice years after the event. In just one Australian state, Victoria, it is estimated between 600 and 10,000 children were abused since the 1930s. In February 2017 the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse released a report revealing 7% of Australian priests between 1950 and 2009 were accused of abusing children, with 4,444 sex abuse incidents recorded, and with some Catholic orders having up to 40.4% of their priests with allegations against them. It is estimated that at least 4% of Roman Catholic priests serving in the United States during the first half of the 20th century have been accused of abusing minors.

What gets me is it's the same story every time and every place. Bishops appoint priests that they know have abused children in the past to new parishes and new communities and more abuse happens. Colm O’Gorman directs an Irish charity assisting sex abuse victims.

Clerical celibacy
Some maintain that enforced celibacy leads to paedophilia: (...) what is it about Catholicism that fosters child rape among its supposedly godly representatives? Maybe, just maybe, it's entirely unnatural to force a person to be "celibate?" Perhaps the priesthood attracts child molesters because of its unnatural structure that, by eliminating healthy sexuality, encourages perversion and also covers it up? Andrew Brown maintains that celibacy encouraged men who were “confused or in denial about their own sexuality” to become priests. He claims that celibacy drives sexual energy to murky, awful forms of expression, and further argues that celibacy played a more important part in the cover-ups. Brown also believes a groupthink developed among the celibate brothers sharing the same temptations and frustrations. Friendship, affection and trust were diverted away from the enticements of non-celibate outsiders and drawn inward to the ‘safer’ celibate community. Loyalty to the brotherhood and protecting brothers became more important than protecting victims. The substitute family of fellow celibate priests became more important than the welfare of parishioners.

Some priests have different moral standards from society as a whole. Prof Briggs, of the University of South Australia, has 50 years experience working in the field of child abuse and child protection. She said, "There has been an acceptance [among priests] over the years that having sex with a boy is not breaking celibacy. What priests told me was that the biggest crime was to have sex with a woman."

Clerical homosexuality
Some Catholics have blamed the high number of homosexuals in the priesthood for priestly paedophillia. However, since absolutely no scientific evidence has been presented of such a connection other than people's conjecture and opinions, rational thinkers ought to dismiss the charge as sheer bigotry against "abnormal" sexual choices. Of course, rational humans should remember that Occam's Razor applies: if the known consequences of granting human beings authority without corresponding accountability adequately explain the phenomenon, there's no reason to reach for deeper explanations. Unless, that is, you can't resist the urge to blame it on the gays.

Also, many of the reported victims of clergy sex abuse have been young girls as well,  which helps to further dispel the conflation between homosexuality and clergy sexual abuse. If homosexuality is somehow conflated with clergy sex abuse of young boys and vice versa, then clergy sexual abuse of young girls could also be conflated with heterosexuality, but Catholics who make this argument wouldn't take that as true, and most wouldn't. Simply put, arguments conflating homosexuality with clergy sexual abuse are simply trying to distract from the real problems of the Church, and redirect the rightful anger that one feels when informed of the disgusting nature of clergy sexual abuse and at the institution that allowed such invidious crimes, onto a community with little to no relation with the actual situation at hand (even Jesuit magazine America agrees on this).

Papal hypocrisy
There are even accusations that Pope Benedict XVI earlier in his career covered up for abusive priests in Munich and later as hypocritically named "morals enforcer" for The Vatican. Priests who had abused children were simply moved on to other parishes where, all too frequently, they re-offended. Pope Benedict XVI personally issued a document telling bishops to hush up allegations of abuse and avoid reporting abuse to the authorities. The bishops were instructed to keep this sensitive document in a safe at all times. Perpetrators and victims of abuse were sometimes pressured into silence with the threat of excommunication to keep them in line. Other victims were bribed into silence.

Children are the greatest treasure and the future of every society: truly caring for them means recognising our responsibility to teach, defend and live by the moral virtues which are the key to human fulfilment.

Countless abuse victims have had their childhood, or their life, effectively ruined through the psychological trauma of abuse. Some victims were even driven to commit or attempt suicide.

Abuse of trust
Roman Catholics are taught from early childhood to respect priests and to believe what priests tell them about God and religion. Paedophile priests can easily abuse this position. For example, Alexander Bede Walsh was convicted of serious sex assaults against boys. One child abuse victim said Walsh gave him alcohol, telling him drinking it would get him to Heaven; another believed abuse was the hand of God touching him. Another man, who was a teenager at the time, claims abuse by Walsh drove him to attempt suicide. Walsh, who was convicted in 2004 over computer indecency, was allowed to work at Roman Catholic premises within yards of a playgroup. This is far less serious than the abuse allegations above, but it happened in 2009 and 2010, despite promises from the church that they would mend their ways. Walsh has been sentenced to 22 years in prison. Walsh and others took advantage of orphans, and nuns carried out abuse as well as priests. One man wants compensation.

Concealment from police
An Australian priest named John Denham (now defrocked) is alleged to have assaulted two boys in the late 1970s, who complained to the school principal, Father Brennan. Instead of contacting police, Brennan allegedly caned the boys to make sure they wouldn't complain again. In 2012 Brennan was charged with failing to report these serious crimes against the boys, but died before court proceedings could begin, having been suffering from terminal cancer.

Bishop Finn of Kansas City was convicted in 2012 of concealing child pornography from the police. The Reverend Shawn Ratigan, who worked under Finn, had indecent images on his computer. According to the prosecution, Finn knew about the offenses during 2010 to 2011, but failed to report the evidence to legal authorities. Finn remained in office for 3 years despite this conviction and resigned belatedly in 2015.

There have been cases where other similarly accused bishops reached agreements with the local authority and avoided prosecution.

Collusion with local government
According to a grand jury report released on March 1, 2016, large-scale sexual abuse by Catholic priests in Blair and Cambria counties in Pennsylvania was routinely ignored and covered up by law-enforcement and government officials for decades. This was possible largely because the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown was able to control who became the mayor, the police chief, the fire chief and other positions of government authority. What was effectively an unconstitutional local elimination of the separation of church and state directly caused grievous harm to the members of the same church that ended that separation.

Liability in UK law
In a case relating to abuse committed by a Catholic priest (since deceased) in the 1970s, a High Court in the UK ruled in 2011 that the local diocese was "vicariously liable" for the abuse, as any other employer would be. The Church launched an appeal against this decision, arguing that the relationship between bishop and priest is "different" from that of employer and employee. The victim claimed sex abuse and rape at a children's home during the 1970s. Her lawyer commented that "this challenge to the High Court ruling is likely to be deeply offensive to victims of clerical abuse".

Liability in US law
Adults in New York must start civil action before their 23rd birthday, which traumatized victims may find hard. Other states have differing statutes of limitations, running from as little as two years, with some states in the United States having statutes of limitations as much as twenty years. The American Roman Catholic Church has lobbied vigorously and paid expensive lobbying firms large sums of money to prevent this deadline being extended. In Guam, which is a United States overseas territory, the statute of limitations for pedophiles is just two years. Serial child molester Rev. Louis Brouillard has escaped legal consequences for his actions through this.

Blaming the disease
Cardinal Wilfrid Fox Napier of South Africa describes paedophilia as "illness, not a criminal condition" and claims abusers should be treated rather than punished. The cardinal says doctors should examine child abusers. Treatment as well as punishment is common in liberal countries for illnesses that lead to crime. To give an example few countries would give an alcoholic a free pass if he kills someone in a drunk driving accident, even if one could claim his alcoholism played a role in his DUI.

B. Dorries from Chicago-based Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and herself a victim of priestly abuse when she was a child told the BBC:

Napier later apologized unreservedly for his comments.

Leaked 1997 letter
In January 2010 an anonymous Irish bishop leaked a letter that undermined the Vatican's claim that the Irish sex abuse scandals were an issue of local mismanagement. The letter was written by the then Vatican ambassador to Ireland, Luciano Storero, and sent in response to a 1996 agreement reached by Irish bishops to introduce mandatory reporting of suspected abusers to the authorities - kind of like what one would expect in any organisation that doesn't consider itself to be above the law. Storero's letter reinforces the need to stick with canonical law, and highlighted the possible embarrassment of subsequently seeing their decisions over-ridden by the Holy See. The full text of the letter is hosted by The New York Times here. The letter is being claimed by many, including abuse victims, as being a "smoking gun" that establishes complicity in Rome.

The church responds
The Catholic Church, given the chance to concede to reality and admit that the protection of child rapists is a serious problem, opted instead to spin. Federico Lombardi, a Vatican spokesman, claimed that the letter had been misunderstood. He argued that the letter was not intended to instruct bishops to disregard civil reporting of suspected abusers, and that it was merely reinforcing the need to adhere to church law meticulously.

Lombardi's response needs to be evaluated in light of the following excerpt taken from the 1997 letter:

Even when giving the benefit of the doubt, this letter appears to have caused the Irish bishops to continue their habit of shielding suspected abusers from the civil authorities, yet if that was not the intention the Vatican was reticent in sending a corrective letter. If such a letter was sent then it's unlikely it'll be seen unless leaked. Documents originating from WikiLeaks allege that the Vatican used their statehood to hinder requests for assistance in the Murphy Commission investigation in to sex abuse in the Dublin diocese.

Action to defrock or remove predatory priests was typically slow while action to transfer funds and make it hard for plaintiffs to get at money when lawsuits threatened was fast.

Other Catholic responses
The Catholic League managed to fit in a mention of the letter, but of course had many more important things to be angry about. Namely a blasphemous video at the Smithsonian and Muslims saying bad things about the Pope.

Donohue's response begins by referring to a Jeffrey Lena, a lawyer representing the Vatican, echoing Storero's claim that the letter did not instruct Irish bishops to disregard civil law, but instead cautioned them against doing anything that could hinder internal church disciplinary proceedings. This is rendered nonsensical when a moment is taken to wonder what would be done if any other organisation, such as a fast-food chain, decided to perform internal investigations prior to informing the authorities of allegations that their employees had been raping the children of customers?

Donohue goes on to complain that The New York Times failed to report on a rabbinical court in Brooklyn that ordered its 10,000 members not to report crimes to the police. How this is relevant to the letter is anyone's guess, but it certainly helps Donohue build on his persecution complex, and perhaps imply that those pesky Jews are at the helm of the newspaper.

The letter finishes with the complaint that liberal media and activist groups have actually fought against mandatory reporting, when in fact Catholic bishops want it. Even if true, the letter from the Vatican appears to be out of step with the wishes of these bishops. Some counseling groups have indeed campaigned against a requirement that they report rape, although their circumstances are slightly different to those of the church. These groups aren't normally in the position of having to protect their own employees from rape allegations, and even accepting their opposition, the Church has not exactly been loud in fighting for such legislation. Indeed Connecticut's bishops mounted a vigorous campaign to prevent the statue of limitations on civil abuse suits, because they quite correctly note that cases become increasingly difficult to defend against as time passes, but also because of the financial liability it could create for them.

Business as usual
Despite Pope Francis' promise to eradicate the "evil of abuse" from the Catholic Church, the Church is first and foremost a theocracy — it is strictly hierarchical and cliques within the Church protect their own. Two high-profile investigations of sexual abuse were essentially scuttled, one of alleged sexual abuse of an adult woman by Cardinal Marc Ouellet of Canada, and one of the alleged long-term sexual abuse of young boys by Nobel Peace Prize winner Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo of East Timor. In the case of Ouellet, he was investigated by his crony, leading to the dismissal of the case. In the case of Belo, he was allowed to "retire" to the position of assistant parish priest in Mozambique, where he teaches children and leads youth retreats.