Talk:Correlation does not imply causation/Archive1

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Fallacy

Could this article be put in the Logical Fallacy group, under a title such as "The Correlation = Causation Fallacy" --Remarcsd 18:59, 8 October 2007 (EDT)

I agree with the cat, but not the title change. For these reasons:

1. It is actually what it is called (this phrase is how people bring it up)
2. "weird" characters in titles can cause unepxected problems. In fact, I think the "=" sign is not permitted. (We had an article with "&" in the title that required database access to delete...)
3. It is much more likely that someone will type the existing title as a link in an article or talk.

I'll check the cat and see if I can go add it to the logical fallacy article. human^{be in} 21:22, 8 October 2007 (EDT)

Latin phrases

You mention post hoc ergo propter hoc, but omit the phrase cum hoc ergo propter hoc, which refers precisely to the topic of this article...^{— Unsigned, by: 77.186.140.134 / talk / contribs}

And?--ZooGuard (talk) 10:55, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

Sorry, yes, the article is not written very well.--ZooGuard (talk) 10:58, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

Title?

I've always heard this as "correlation does not imply causation", which I think is a little more applicable than "equal." Blue (is useful) 19:29, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

That is the name of the WP article so move I guess. Ty^JFBANBSRADA 19:31, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

Yes. Wēāŝēīōīď^{Methinks it is a Weasel} 19:42, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

Is the convers/inverse true?

When taking a look at the correlation-causation fallacy, it seems that correlation is needed for causation, but does not imply it. To that end, I was wondering if it would be a valid assertion that a lack of correlation (or even a negative correlation) definitively disproves causation.

Take, for example, that old moral panic about the Super Mario Bros. video game franchise supposedly normalizing violence and animal cruelty by allowing players to throw cartoon turtles at enemies, which could alter and distort kids' views and turn them into violent killers when they get older. About 25-28 years after the first Super Mario Bros. is released (i.e. around the present day), a study is done (I'm not referring to an actual study, just a hypothetical one) evaluating the popularity of the Super Mario Bros. franchise over the previous 25 years and how it compared to the rates of murder and other violent crimes over the same period of time.

Now, even if the increasing popularity of Super Mario Bros. were correlated with an increase in violent crime rates, drawing a causal relation would obviously still be incredibly dubious. Nevertheless, let's say this hypothetical study actually shows either a lack of correlation or a negative correlation between the popularity of Super Mario video games and violent crime rates, with the rates of murder and other violent crimes actually decreasing over the 25-year period in areas where Super Mario video game sales were consistently high. Of course, this doesn't mean that Super Mario Bros. actually decreases violent crime, but that's not what I'm asking.

My question is this: Would this information definitively disprove a supposed causal link between Super Mario Bros. and violent crime, or am I missing something? Could the converse and inverse of the correlation-causation fallacy be said to be true, or is it just as uncertain? 208.40.167.249 (talk) 07:38, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

A "negative" correlation is still a correlation, it means that one goes up and the other goes down. The thing with correlation that you might need to look into is the fact that there isn't so much a "there is or there isn't" style approach to them. You measure it statistically as how likely a change in one variable results in a change in the other. It's extremely unlikely to produce entirely uncorrelated data just as much as it's unlikely to get 100% correlation. They're reported as confidence intervals, which are effectively arbitrary.

If you demonstrate a lot of scatter, and a very low correlation, or a very low confidence in the correlation being genuine, then it doesn't necessarily disprove causation for individual cases. Someone could still shout "Ah, Mario! I hate this fucking game it's so frustrating!!" and storm outside and shoot someone. But a lack of statistical significance in the correlation demonstrates that even if an individual case can have a causal link between your two measures, it cannot hold true statistically as a general rule. ^{d hominem} 14:24, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

I see. Thank you for taking the time to reply. I guess my example of the Mario Bros. moral panic, which was intended to be a "simplified" example (it was also intended as an allegory for some more recent moral panics, but I digress), still doesn't escape the complex nature of actual statistics.

Would it be more apt to say that a lack of statistical significance in a correlation definitively disproves a purported causal rule?

Even if it doesn't necessarily rule out a causal link in individual cases (such as the rather hilarious example you gave of the frustrated Mario player shooting someone), would it be accurate to say those hypothetical statistics in my example would conclusively prove the wingnut wrong? 208.40.167.249 (talk) 16:59, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

Correlation is necessary, but not sufficient, to demonstrate causation. No correlation, no causation. (But as ADK points out, it is very rare that there is zero correlation as opposed to statistically insignificant correlation.) However, the hypothetical study does not disprove the connection between Mario and violence levels. For example, the study could be low-power and result in a type II error (i.e., false negative). This could still occur even with a high-power study -- that's why replication is so important. Consider the alleged link between vaccines and autism. We can say pretty definitively that there is no link because the lack of correlation has been replicated over and over, among other things. Nebuchadnezzar (talk) 18:11, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

IIRC, there is precisely zero correlation between x and y when they conform to x² + y² = 1. Happens all the time, for obvious cause, in rotating machinery such as electric generators. Implications are left to the readers' imaginations. Sprocket J Cogswell (talk) 19:24, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

Is this good enough for bronze?

I think it is. Proxima Centauri (talk) 18:26, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

No, Close perhaps, but not there. Keep trying. It should be, sad that it's not. ħuman 00:45, 27 May 2014 (UTC)