Draft:金枝

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Preach to the choir
Religion
Icon religion.svg
Crux of the matter
Speak of the devil
An act of faith
This is a Chinese translation of The Golden Bough.


Frazer 在剑桥大学三一学院的漂亮房子住到去世,靠的是小心翼翼划过危险主题,如同不宣布禁岛存在却要绘制禁岛的海岸线图。他的言下之意是基督教的传说、信条、仪式改良自大量原始甚至野蛮的信仰,基督教中几乎唯一的原创元素就是耶稣的人格。
Robert Graves[1]

金枝》是一部 12 卷神话集,並评论这些神话的宗教。该书由 James Frazer(1854—1941)作于 1890 至 1915 年间,成为比较宗教学的开山之作。[note 1]

耶稣[edit]

不象其他神话集,Frazer 纳入耶稣,这在当时极为离经叛道。该书试图视宗教为人类文化的创造而非神学工作。这会惹恼当时许多英国读者,因为也视耶稣为「人类文化的创造」。

宗教的社会影响[edit]

《金枝》试图对不同文化中宗教的共同特征进行分类和评论,包括食人神食仪式;社会仪式,如生育和冠丧祭;人类和动物牺牲;以及死亡与复活的神。他是最早提出从女性/母亲崇拜转向生育崇拜,再到更正式的神灵体系,最终发展为(伪)一神教的学者之一。

Frazer 之一个论点是死而复生的太阳神是一切宗教的中心,该神的观念及跟其崇拜的仪式与礼仪来自更早的生殖崇拜。

问题[edit]

每年立春后的周日,纳齐黎玛部落[note 2] 会举行一场奇诡的仪式。两队男人通过复杂的前序仪式选出,他们着有使之高大壮观的服装,及刻着图腾的头盔,表明自己是危险的野兽或可怕的战士。他们穿着这身衣服投入高度模式化的模拟战斗,将一个兽皮制成的蛋形气囊从开阔绿地的一侧推或扔至另一侧。不分季节穿着暴露的少女催促两队前进。该季节性仪式,显然依据其蛋的象征,反季节的半裸装束,及两队盛装的图腾战士,代表了远古生育仪式的残留。两队代表冬天与春天的较量,且关于植物灵魂死而复生的主题。蛋的含义显而易见。

如果你认为这个超级碗的解释不能服人,《金枝》体系的缺陷便显豁了。它鼓励自信地忽略实际参与者对习俗的解释。只要抱定主意寻觅异教残余生育仪式,确信所有古老仪式必然联系到该单一神话,所有习俗都能附会到该模式。是季节性仪式,且无论怎样有火、植物、或蛋,就够够的了。

影响[edit]

Social sciences were just beginning at the time of publication of Golden Bough but the way it presented religions has directly impacted anthropology and classical Religion Studies around the western academic world. However, as more research has been done, and more texts discovered, it was found that many of the stories he relates are inaccurate representations of the myths and religions from around the world. What is unclear is how much he may have knowingly edited his work to reinforce his findings.

Many authors have cited Frazer as an influence or rewritten him entirely. Robert Graves is one of the most famous interpreters of Frazer's work, penning the mostly fanciful work, The White Goddess which has become the cornerstone for the Goddess/Ancient Matriarchy Movement, used to supplement their own views of what life was like before modern penis-focused, Sky-Daddy religions "took over".

Frazer's work was a significant influence on T.S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land. It is one of the books on Colonel Kurtz's desk in the film Apocalypse Now.

Joseph Campbell would go on to cite Frazer at length in his own studies of mythology.

另见[edit]

外部链接[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. 或至少是比较宗教学的历史,鉴于书中大量内容不确。
  2. 关于纳齐黎玛人更多奇特习俗的详细记载,请见 Horace Mitchell Miner 的《纳齐黎玛人的身体仪式》。

References[edit]