User:Ze/Corporate human rights violations
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Since their conception as modern privately owned enterprises, corporations have engaged in a wide variety of human rights violations with or without the assistance of governments. Often these violations are centered around labor exploitation and attempts to establish indentured servitude by creating company towns
in which only company credits can be used as currency and entraping their workers in unpayable debt.
Background[edit]
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the foremost document for defining human rights. In particular, corporations have violated Articles 3, 4, 5, 12, 20, 23, 24 and 25 of the UDHR. There are also other important international documents that seek to legislate workers' rights, particularly the conventions set up by the International Labour Organization, which itself is part of the United Nations, focusing primarily on forced labor and child labor as well protect the rights of labor unions.
Miscaleneous violations[edit]
Strike breaking and union busting[edit]
Union busting and strike breaking are the methods by which corporations have tried to prevent workers from joining a union and fight for their own rights. The Pinkertons became major union busters from the late 19th to early 20th century, while continuing its detective work[1] Though it should be noticed that the largest union buster in America is the federal government itself by using the antitrust laws, concieved by progressives to crack down and dismantle monopolies, to prevent union organizing.[2]
When workers attempt to organize unions they're fired.[3][4][5]
Union busting in the present day manifests in mandatory anti-union propaganda meetings[6][7][8] [9]
Surveillance[edit]
As technology advances, along with the security state expansion, surveillance has creeped into the workplace in developed countries.[10] The methods used vary from face scanning, microshipping, listening devices and data mining allowing bosses to track every move of their staff.[11][12]
All this surveillance increases inequality in the already unequal relationship between workers and bosses by creating algorithms that make the decisions of hiring, firing and other management for them.[13] Amazon-affiliated drivers have reported feeling pressured and leading them to speeding and urinating in bottles,[14] and the geolocation tags that nurses in Florida are forced to wear has diminished their ability to use discretion with their patients.[15][16]
The coronavirus pandemic has given momentum to expand the amount of surveillance.[17][18][19]
Certain companies, like Microsoft, have also provided technological aid to police surveillance[20]
In January 2016, the European Human Rights Court ruled that it's unreasonable for employers to moniter their employees computers. [21] In 2017, a German court ruled that, while computer monitering is reasonable, keylogging is a violation of privacy.[22] In the United States, there are very little regulation to prevent employers from spying and collect date off their employees. Existing laws meant to protect digital privacy exist such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act and the Stored Communications Act, which protect against the interception of in-transit e-mails or their disclosure, contain broad "business exceptions", even outside the worplace.[23]
Child labour[edit]
While developed countries banned child labour, most corporations continue this vile practise by outsourcing to poor countries. Major industries that benefit from child labor includes confectionary , tobbaco, fashion and the technology sectors[24] which occurs because corporate engage in wilfull ignorance of unethical labor pratices.[25]
Slavery and indentured servitude[edit]
The De Beers Group engages in slavery, as well child labor, exploiting the working classes of African countries to mine diamonds.[26] The company uses prisioner labor since 1885[27]
Other companies includes confectionary manufacturers Mars, Incorporated, Nestlé and Hershey which use child slavery labour in Africa. Mars promised since 2000 that it would erradicate slave-source cocoa and that it's unlikely to reach such a goal even in 2020.[28] While also using slave labour from Thailand[29] it used the argument that requiring the company to report the use of slave labor could cost customers.[30] The fashion industry has also used the forced labour of Uighur people, currently targets of a compaign of cultural genocide by the Chinese government.[31]
Ben and Jerry's, an ice cream company with excellent PR, also engages in labor exploitation of Mexican migrants in Vermont.[32] This exploitation of immigrant farmworkers has been condemned as a form of slavery by human rights groups.[33]
The United States prison system also engages in slavery, due to a "loophole" in the 13th amendment that allows the government to enslave criminals.[34] Multiple
Even during the coronavirus pandemic, private prisons still turn a profit due to slave labor.[35] Many companies take advantage of this including McDonalds, Sprints, Verizon, Victoria Street, American Airlines and even PR-friendly Starbucks through a contractor, using prisoners to package their products at low cost.[36] Another benificary of prison labor is the US military, especially the US Army, through the Civilian Inmate Labor Program.[37] In 2013, the US Army used prison labor to obtain a $100 million worth of military uniforms.[38]
Historically companies have tried to entrap their workers by building a company town in which all stores and housing are owned by the company of which the most famous is Pullman, created in the 1880s in the Chicago city limits. The town survived until the panic of 1883 in which financial woes forced the company to lay off half of its work force and cuts wages, without reducing rent or the price of goods at its shops.[39] Some of these company towns, such as Steinway village, New York, were built to weaken the labor movement[40] and exert social control and they still continue to operate today, especially in the South.[41] Facebook and Amazon have sought to also built their own company towns in recent years.[42]
Sweatshops and exploitation[edit]
Sweatshops are factories where workers are employed at very low wages under horrible conditions that are hazardous to their very health.
Bangladesh is the country with the largest mortality rates amongst sweatshops incidents and other workplace related injuries due to lack of regulations.[43] In fact, Bangladesh's sweatshops are so unregulated that its workers live in the factories themselves which are often subject to fires due to poor electrical wiring and lack of emergency exits or fire extinguishers.[44] In early 2012, a fire started at 5:22 am local time in an illegal factory belonging to Tazreen Fashions in Bengladesh killing 112 workers. The workers slept in the third floor of the factory and were trapped when the fire spread to the upper floors unable to reach the safety of the rooftop.[45] In April 2012, a building housing five factories in Rana Plaza collapsed killing 1,132 workers and injuring 2,500. Despite the magnitude of these deaths, very little compensation under Bengladesh's labour code was paid except some financial compensation paid voluntarily.[46]
Other target of sweatshops is the People's Republic of China where a large, highly skilled labor force at low costs makes it attractive to computing and other high-tech manufacturing.[47] In 2010 various workers at Chinese factories manufacturing cellphones and computers committed suicide drawing attention in Western countries[48]. Foxconn's reaction varied from asking its workers to sign an anti-suicide pledge[49] to install nets to catch suicidal workers that jump off the rooftop.[50][51]
People with serious opinions have defended sweatshops[52] or claimed that banning them will hurt the poor.[53]
This phenomenon has also started to manifesting in the United States and the United Kingdom with the most notable and infamous example being Jeff Bezo's online retail Amazon which has unsafe working conditions[54], workers have to skip bathroom breaks to keep their jobs,[55], employees having to work on feet for twelve hours or more,[56] with some[57] accusing the company of treating its workers as robots.[58]
This situation escalated further with the coronavirus pandemic refusing to pay sick leave[59], implementing an temporary[60] hazard pay of a groundbreaking amount of two dollars per hour, with unsafe working conditions fueling infections amongst the workforce.[61]
Other areas of exploition includes Rockstar Games forcing its employees to work a 100 hours per week [62] which it later tried to defuse[63] as well exploitation at Disneyland with employees facing homelessness[64] and not earning enough to meet basic living expenses.[65][66]
In the sinosphere there's a strong undercurrent of labor exploitation and overworking manifestating in phenomenon like karoshi in Japan, gwarosa in South Korea and the 996 working hour system in mainland China. South Koreans work the most amongst OECD members[67][68] Though in Japan it seems that younger generations are pushing against this guilt-based overworking.[69]
Specific Corporations[edit]
United Fruit Company[edit]
The United Fruit Company was a company that trade in tropical fruits, primarily banana, and its shenaganings created the term "banana republic".[70]
Even in modern days, the Company's crimes are denied by Latino wingnuts as a "communist conspiracy". [71]
Coca-Cola[edit]
Nestlé[edit]
“”The one opinion, which I think is extreme, is represented by the NGOs, who bang on about declaring water a public right. That means that as a human being you should have a right to water. That’s an extreme solution. The other view says that water is a foodstuff like any other, and like any other foodstuff it should have a market value.
|
| —Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Nestlé CEO, in the 2005 documentary We Feed The World.[72] |
You know those evil corporate executives in dystopian movies who hold the world's water supply hostage? Meet their real life incarnation.[73] Stealing water during a drought is not their only crime, though. They're also responsible for stunting the growth of infants in developing nations by misleading parents about their baby formula, using child slavery to make their chocolate, and being completely unapologetic about any of it.
References[edit]
- ↑ History of Pinkertons (and some whining)
- ↑ America's most insiduous union buster is its own government
- ↑ Workers acuse food industry of using pandemic to halt union organizing
- ↑ Workers fired because they tried to start a union (warning:paywall)
- ↑ Google fires four workers active in labor organizing(warning:paywall)
- ↑ This is what it's like to sit through an anti-union meeting at work
- ↑ Target's cheesy anti-union propaganda gets a modern makeover
- ↑ Why Target's anti-union video is no joke
- ↑ Seattle Uber drivers subjected to mandatory anti-union propaganda
- ↑ Aspioneer: Workplace surveillance is becoming the norm, dated January 27, 2020
- ↑ Business Insider:The methods bosses are using to minitor staff at work , dated to September 24, 2019
- ↑ The GuardianBig Brother isn't just watching: workplace surveillance can track your every move, dated to November 6, 2017
- ↑ The Nation: The inequalities of workplace surveillance, dated June 3, 2019
- ↑ BusinessInsider: Amazon delivery drivers say they feel pressured, dated to September 12, 2018
- ↑ How surveillance and capitalism is shaping workers' future without their knowledge
- ↑ Florida hospital tracks nurses footsteps and work patterns
- ↑ Slate:The workplace-surveillance technology boom, dated, May 12, 2020
- ↑ Companies consider workplace surveillance measure amid coronavirus pandemic
- ↑ Apple and Google team up to contact trace covi-19
- ↑ The Microsoft police state
- ↑ barbulescu-v-romania and workplace privacy
- ↑ Companies cannot use keyloggers to spy on employees, says German court
- ↑ What are the US laws regarding employee monitering
- ↑ EPI: Ten Companies that still use child labor, dated to 27 February 2019
- ↑ Havard Business Review:Why Companies are blind to Child Labor, dated to January 28, 2016
- ↑ Human Rights Watch:Human rights in the diamond trade, dated February 8, 2018
- ↑ Diamond slavery, dated April 29, 2019
- ↑ Africa's child labourers
- ↑ Nestlé admits using Thai slave labour while fighting a lawsuit, dated February 1, 2016
- ↑ Nestlé says slavery report requirements could cost customers, dated August 19, 2018
- ↑ Human rights groups accuse the fashion industry of using Uighur slave labor, dated July 23, 2020
- ↑ CounterPunch:Migrant Injustice: Ben and Jerry's Farmworker exploitation, dated to August 13, 2018
- ↑ Southern Poverty Law Center:Close to slavery
- ↑ How prison labor is the new American slavery, dated to June 13, 2016
- ↑ Cheap labor means prisons still turn a profit during a pandemic, dated May 8, 2020
- ↑ Big Business that benefit from prison labor
- ↑ The Pentagon and slave labor in US prisons
- ↑ Military turns to prison labor for $100 million uniforms, date to December 24, 2013
- ↑ Utopia derailed: Pullman, dated to February 2009
- ↑ Five famlus company towns
- ↑ Company towns are still with us
- ↑ Facebook and Amazon are building their own company towns
- ↑ Bengladesh is burning and sweatshops are the fuel
- ↑ Inside the horrific Bengladesh's sweatshops
- ↑ Grief in Delhi after factory deaths
- ↑ The Rana Plaza and its aftermath
- ↑ Life and death in Apple's forbidden factory
- ↑ Worker suicide sparks inquiries, warning source is paywalled
- ↑ Foxconn asks workers to sign anti-suicide pledge
- ↑ Foxconn installs antijumping nets
- ↑ A million workers and 17 suicides at Foxconn factory
- ↑ Everything we knew about sweatshops was wrong
- ↑ Banning sweatshops will only hurt the poor
- ↑ Amazon worker condemns unsafe, grueling working conditions
- ↑ Amazon warehouse workers forced to skip bathroom breaks, report finds
- ↑ Inside the hellish day of an Amazon warehouse employee
- ↑ Amazon treats workers like robots, ex-employee says, warning paywalled
- ↑ Amazon workers are not robots
- ↑ Amazon say California's sick leave doesn't apply to warehouses
- ↑ Amazon cuts $2 hazard pay
- ↑ "Culture of workplace fear" fuel Covid-19 infections at Amazon warehouses
- ↑ Employees at RockStar speak out about the 100 hours week
- ↑ Rockstar tries to difuse controversial work hours statements
- ↑ Down and out in Disneyland: study finds Disneyland employees at risk of homelessness and poverty
- ↑ Three quarters of Disneyland workers can't afford basic living expenses
- ↑ Some Disneyland employees struggling to pay for food, shelter according to survey
- ↑ South Korean work hours longest in OECD
- ↑ South Koreans being overworked to death
- ↑ How the Japanese are dealing with overworking
- ↑ Rotten Fruit
- ↑ One of the worst massacres in Colombia's history is a communist myth according to opposition Senator
- ↑ Right from the horse's mouth.
- ↑ Why Nestle is one of the most hated companies in the world