Crimes against humanity
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The concept of crimes against humanity is a part of international customary law, and is not currently recognized by a dedicated international treaty.[1] The concept was first used in 1915 by the Allied forces of World War I (then France, Great Britain, and Russia) with regards to the mass killings of Armenians within the Ottoman Empire.[1]
The 1998 Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court represents the current consensus on what characterizes crimes against humanity.[1][2] The statute defines crimes against humanity as consisting of three parts: a physical element, a contextual element, and a mental element.[1][2] The physical element consists of any of:[1][2]
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The contextual element is "when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population."[1][2] The mental element is "with knowledge of the attack."[1][2] Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity do not need to be linked to an armed conflict.[1]
The first prosecutions of crimes against humanity were made in 1945 during the Nuremberg trials following the culmination of World War II.[1] Other prosecutions have been made in connection with:
- Wars in the former-Yugoslavia[1]
- Rwandan Genocide[1]
- Civil war in Sierra Leone[3]
- Khmer Rouge[4]
The ICC has also issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin, in connection to the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine,[5], and Ismail Haniyeh
and Benjamin Netanyahu for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the 2023-2024 Gaza War.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Crimes Against Humanity United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998)
- ↑ See the Wikipedia article on Special Court for Sierra Leone.
- ↑ See the Wikipedia article on Khmer Rouge Tribunal.
- ↑ "Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova". International Criminal Court. March 17, 2023.
- ↑ "What to Know About the I.C.C. Prosecutor’s Request for Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders". New York Times. May 20, 2024.
Notes[edit]
- ↑ This means real persecution, not the fantasies of whackjobs with a victimhood fetish.