Piri Reis map

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The surviving fragment of the 1513 Piri Reis world map.

The Piri Reis map is the surviving fragment of a 1513 world mapWikipedia compiled from previous sources by the Ottoman cartographer Piri ReisWikipedia.

Only about a third of the original map still exists. It shows relatively accurately parts of the coasts of Europe, north Africa, Brazil, the Azores, the Canary Islands and Japan. North and South America are not accurately depicted, with some substantial errors. Significantly, an error in the depiction of South America has been interpreted by some to be a depiction of the coast of Antarctica, without the current icecap.

Thus, various cranks have seized on this purported "fact" to prop up their pet ideas:

The more likely explanation is that this is meant to represent Terra AustralisWikipedia, a hypothetical continent in the southern hemisphere invented in the 15th century (before Europeans had fully mapped out the Southern hemisphere), based on nothing more than the assumption that the Southern hemisphere would have just as much land as the Northern one.

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