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Jonatan Pallesen
The colorful pseudoscience Race & Racialism |
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Hating thy neighbour |
Divide and conquer |
Dog-whistlers |
“”Black men have gotten less criminal, but are still vastly more criminal than Whites.
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—Jonatan Pallesen in 2024[1] |
“”I eat many steaks. From free range, well-treated animals.
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—Jonatan Pallesen, steak promoter[2] |
Jonatan Pallesen is a Danish far-right anti-immigration activist, conspiracy theorist and AfD supporter who spends most of his time on X.com posting climate change denial and xenophobic material.[3][4][5] He describes his philosophy as "less mass immigration, more births".[6] Pallesen promotes an expensive "high welfare" meat-based diet and spreads misinformation about climate change and livestock farming including his claim that all animals "live great lives" on organic farms and falsely stating cows have "no meaningful impact on climate change."[7][8]
Pallesen is a proponent of hereditarianism and promotes discredited race realism having co-authored controversial papers with eugenicists and white supremacists including Emil Kirkegaard and Michael Woodley.[9][10][11] Pallesen has described "non-Western" immigration as "morally indefensible".[12] He opposes multiculturalism and argues "non-Western" immigrants commit more rape and violence[13][12] and also argues for European countries to heavily restrict non-European immigrants. He is obsessed with increasing European fertility rates.[14]
In 2024, Pallesen became a writer for the far-right Aporia Magazine, authoring an article supporting the discredited Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis.[15]
Pallesen spreads inaccurate claims about ethnicity/race and crime. He is on record as falsely claiming "native Germans" and "native northern Europeans" have never committed gang rape and only criticizes gang rapists if they are non-European immigrants including Afghans and Somalis.[16][17][18][19] Pallesen has argued that it is an "indisputable fact" that black people have lower IQs than white people.[20]
In November 2024, Palleson promoted a conspiracy that he was being targeted because of his "stance against the current European mass immigration regime".[21] More recently Pallesen is using his X.com account to spread racist misinformation that all Pakistani's are "child rapists" and that the UK Government and Guardian newspaper are involved in a "cover up".[22]
Background[edit]
Pallesen obtained a PhD in genomics from Aarhus University in 2015. He works as a data scientist for Dansk Industri.[23]
Race realism pseudoscience[edit]

—Jonatan Pallesen defending white nationalist Bo Winegard[24] |
In 2019, Pallesen authored a paper in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences with HBD figures Curtis S. Dunkel, Michael A. Woodley of Menie and Emil Kirkegaard.[25] The paper cites the work of Kevin MacDonald, a retired psychologist known for pushing antisemitism.[10]
Pallesen co-authored a paper peddling deeply antisemitic Jewish conspiracy theories about the innate cognitive abilities of Ashkenazi Jews. The paper was immediately flattened by academics from the likes of Stanford and Georgetown for pushing racial pseudoscience, as it alleged that “culture-gene evolution” could influence “Jewish group-level characteristics” such as intelligence or cognitive ability.
Aaron Panofsky, a UCLA professor who co-authored the paper titled “How White nationalists mobilize genetics,” characterized Pallesen's paper as an attempt to revive scientific racism. He explained to The Guardian that its claims about the innateness of Jewish high intelligence “fits into a larger narrative about Jewish conspiracies and the idea that Jews are controlling the problems of the world from behind the scenes.”[9]
Aaron Panofsky in "How White nationalists mobilize genetics" noted how Pallesen's paper is unreliable:
A recent article “Polygenic scores mediate the Jewish phenotypic advantage in educational attainment and cognitive ability compared with Catholics and Lutherans” in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences (Dunkel, Woodley of Menie, Pallesen,, & Kirkegaard, 2019). Its first author, Curtis Dunkel is a psychologist at Western Illinois University, the other three fit the amateur designation: Michael Woodley of Menie is listed as an affiliate with the far right Unz Foundation, and Jonatan Pallesen and Kirkegaard list no affiliation. The article draws on polygenic scores for IQ from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study comparing Jews to Catholics and Protestants. They claim that Jews’ higher polygenic scores cause them to have an IQ advantage. This was rebutted by a group of sociogenomics researchers who showed that given the polygenic score of the Jewish group, their IQ should actually be four standard deviations above non-Jews not slightly above average as it is. This means the polygenic score is actually a function of population stratification and the direct comparison that Dunkel et al. made is fallacious: “The obvious danger of naïve efforts to use polygenic scores is that the influence of various sorts of social differences will be misidentified as genetic influences” (Freese, Domingue, Trejo, Sicinski, & Herd, 2019).[26]
After receiving criticism for co-authoring the paper, Pallesen replied, "I agree with the criticism that the paper is flawed in its methods and conclusions. I have written to the journal and asked if they can withdraw my name from the paper."[10]
In 2021, Pallesen co-authored a paper with Emil Kirkegaard and Noah Carl titled "The Left-liberal Skew of Western Media".[27] Kirkegaard has even made a video about their paper.[28] The paper was promoted by the white nationalist website VDARE.[29] It was not taken seriously by academia.
Palleson is supportive of Emil Kirkegaard's racist pseudojournal OpenPsych. In an editorial put out by OpenPsych responding to criticisms of the journal he is thanked "for comments that improved the manuscript".[30]
Christopher F. Rufo interview[edit]
In January 2024, Pallesen was interviewed by far-right Christopher Rufo on "Claudine Gay’s Data Problem" for the Manhattan Institute's City Journal.[31] Pallesen accused Claudine Gay of committing supposed data errors in her Ph.D. thesis. Pallesen also whined that in academia, "woke claims tend to find easier acceptance", whereas "non-woke white male researchers, such as Bo Winegard, do meticulous research and are fired."[31]
Far-right podcast speaker[edit]
In 2023, Pallesen was a speaker on the far-right Aporia Magazine podcast with Bo Winegard.[32] In March 2024, Pallesen was a speaker on white nationalist Edward Dutton's podcast.[33]
Far-right views and fringe beliefs[edit]
Support for AfD[edit]
Pallesen supports the far-right AfD party:
The reason you should vote for AfD is the same reason you should vote for Marine Le Pen, Donald Trump, the Sweden Democrats, etc.[34]
Defence of the far-right[edit]
Pallesen has defended the label "far-right":
European 'far right' at this point just means preserving Europe for Europeans.
How can you be against that?[35]
He appears to support the Great Replacement conspiracy theory:
All it takes to be 'far right' is not to be in favor of population replacement.[36]
Anti-Black racism[edit]
Responding to the racist account Eyeslasho on X, Pallesen remarked:
“”Nobody should hire a Black attorney now. You won’t know if they are even good enough to pass the bar.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[37] |
Pallesen spends his time cherry-picking and distorting crime statistics to make racist claims Black people are the most criminal and/or violent:
“”You can't look at such extreme statistics as this, and avoid the conclusion that Black people are vastly more criminal on average.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[38] |
“”Black violent crime vitally damaged many inner cities!
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—Jonatan Pallesen[39] |
"Non-Western" immigration[edit]
Pallesen opposes "non-Western" (a euphemism for non-White) immigration into Europe and bizarrely equates being pro-"non-Western" immigration with misogyny:
Being in favor of the non-Western immigration to Europe is the most misogynistic political view that is widely accepted.
Every time a woman in Europe is gang raped by non-Western immigrants, that would not have happened if it wasn't for this political view.[40]
He is notorious for writing incendiary and offensive tweets about "non-Western" immigrants, as well as spreading misinformation about crime statistics:
“”Non-Western immigration to Northern European countries is morally indefensible. Non-Western immigrants commit vastly more crime.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[12] |
“”Mass immigration has turned one of the greatest Western cities of all time, London, into yet another a non-Western crime ridden city.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[41] |
He particularly dislikes Muslim immigrants:
“”Large-scale Muslim immigration is bad because it is very costly, because they commit many crimes and sexual assaults, and also because many of them are pro-massacre.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[42] |
“”Muslim immigrants are net negative financially even at their most productive age.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[43] |
Pallesen oddly believes illegal immigrants share his hate-filled anti-immigration rhetoric:
“”Even illegal immigrants can see the damage immigration does to Danish society.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[44] |
Despite opposing non-"Western" immigration, Pallesen has no problem with immigrants if they are "Western" (a euphemism for White) which pretty much sums up his racism:
“”Western immigration to Europe is fiscally positive. Non-Western, low-skilled immigrants not so much.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[45] |
“”We are not doing as awfully bad as, say, UK or Sweden. But we still have a Muslim population of 5%, a plurality of who believe the word of the Quran and support the October 7th terror attack.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[46] |
A common theme on Pallesen's X.com account is to claim that all Muslim men are rapists.
“”Britain is seemingly an open hunting ground for Muslim men to rape and gang-rape white girls they spot on the street.
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—Jonatan Pallesen[47] |
Refugees and ECHR[edit]
Pallesen wants to ban refugees entering Europe and wants "all European countries" to leave the 1951 Refugee Convention and European Convention on Human Rights.[48]
Gang rapes[edit]
He has made some absurd tweets denying "native Germans" and "native northern Europeans" can be gang rapists and instead only criticises non-European immigrant gang rapists:
Europe is not prepared to deal with such barbarism.
A group of 4 native Germans encountering a girl could never cooperate to gang rape her. But a group of 4 immigrants can.
Our society and our laws are not designed to deal with this.[49]
There are native European rapists too of course. But there are none who could get their friends to join in on a gang rape if they encounter a girl in park.[50]
How many native north Europeans who encounter a 14-year old girl would get their friends to agree to gang rape her? None.[51]
“”Half of all gang rapes are committed by immigrants from just three countries (Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia).
|
—Jonatan Pallesen[13] |
Pakistani gang rapes[edit]
Since December 2024, Palleson has used his X.com account to promote racist misinformation about Pakistani gang rapes. He claims that nearly all gang rapists in the UK are Pakistani, and that all Pakistani's are "inbreds".
How come rape gangs are overwhelmingly Pakistani?[52]
The so-called "grooming gangs" should be called Pakistani child-rape gangs.[53]
A central aspect that is important to understand regarding the Pakistani child-rape gangs: Pakistan is the most inbred country in the entire world.[54]
The massively inbred and patrilineal clannish culture of Pakistan is so alien to Northern Europeans, that they cannot comprehend or properly describe what is going on.[55]
He also alleges a conspiracy theory that the UK Government, news media (including The Guardian) and Wikipedia support Pakistani rape gangs and have "lied" about the perpetrators:
Home Office is on the side of the Pakistani child-rape clans.[56]
We need to talk more about the lies of the newspaper the Guardian, regarding the Pakistani child-rape gangs. Time and time again they published articles denying that it was a Muslim problem or a Pakistani problem.[57]
The news media and Wikipedia also covered up and lied about the grooming rape gang scandal, and its Muslim Pakistani perpetrators[58]
It's important to remember the media lies about the child-rape ("grooming") gangs not being disproportionally Muslim or Pakistani.[59]
Grooming gangs is a misnomer. They should be called Pakistani child-rape gangs. Officials, news media and Wikipedia have been lying about the mass child rapes, trying to cover it up. We should not let them. Say it: Pakistani child-rape gangs.[60]
Pallesen also spends his time writing disturbing thought experiments; claiming all Pakistani's are child rapists:
You are on the street and because of mass immigration, the only people there are Pakistani men. You have no one else to ask for help, so you ask the first person there, in the hope that they are no *all* child rapists. But in 100% of cases here, they were.[61]
The first Pakistani you ask may possibly not be a child rapist. But if you walk around on your own, a Pakistani child rapist will quite likely descend on you, it seems.[62]
Despite posting this extreme material; Palleson claims that Google and RationalWiki have destroyed his genomics "career" for speaking out against immigration.[63][64] It is more likely that his offensive comments have destroyed his career. About 90% of his X.com feed consists of posting hateful comments against Islam, Pakistani men and accusing them all of child rape. This is hardly what a respectable employer would want to see.
Anti-vaccination[edit]
Pallesen claims to be "pro-vaccines" but like all anti-vaxxers spends his time attacking vaccinations on social media. One of his bizarre claims is that COVID-19 vaccines are a "mistake" and nobody knows their long-term effects.[65] He admits his views are not accepted by the medical community.
Today, very few people agree with me that there is potential risk with the new vaccines.[65]
Pro-natalism[edit]
Pallesen supports increasing European fertility rates while decreasing African fertility rates, a standard view among white nationalists:
I would like fewer African children to be born in the world and more Western children. For the straightforward reason that European children tend to live good lives without problems such as hunger. Africa cannot deliver that to the children born there. European children, when they grow up, are also more likely to be inventors or successful entrepreneurs etc, improving lives for more people.[66]
He identifies as a pro-natalist:
Natalism is good, because more people being alive and enjoying life is good. You don't have to overthink it.[67]
If you follow me, you probably are aware that I am critical about many types of immigration.
But that doesn't mean that I find the arguments for depopulation to be strong. I'm pro natalism.[68]
Pallesen oddly believes in reforming the voting system so that parents should be given "the votes of their < 18 yo children."[69]
As of 2025, Pallessen describes himself as supporting "more births" on his Twitter handle.[70]
Promotion of "high welfare" meat[edit]
“”It’s obvious that high welfare cows enjoy their lives almost all the time.
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—Jonatan Pallesen (without citing any evidence)[71] |
Pallesen advocates an expensive meat-based diet but pretends to care about the welfare of the animals he eats.[2][72] He has criticized factory farming.[73][74][75][76] He claims he only eats meat from "high welfare" and "organic" farms including "grass-fed" beef and "free-range" chicken.[77][78][79] He also claims without providing any evidence that all animals on "high welfare" farms "live great lives".[8]
I eat ecological / high welfare meat.[80] Just eat high welfare meat.[72]
I eat mostly cage free, high welfare meat. It means we have to cook at home, but then it is possible.[81]
One of his bizarre claims is that people can "exclusively" eat high welfare meat.[82] The expensive grass-fed steaks that Pallesen consumes on a daily basis are around 91.5 DKK (nearly 13 dollars each).[83] It is unrealistic to suggest the mass population are going to spend this amount of money on a steak when beans, lentils and potatoes are a much cheaper option. He also claims without providing any evidence that people should eat "high welfare" meat rather than become vegetarians.[84]
Similar to other anti-vegans such as Diana Fleischman and Anatoly Karlin; Pallessen claims to care about animal suffering. He claims that "high welfare" meat from organic farms is ethical but factory farmed meat is unethical.[85][86] He describes meat from factory farms as "evil" but doesn't explain why meat from organic farms is good for the animals.[87][88][89] Palleson lacks education about animal management practices and appears unaware that many of the same mutilation practices used in "organic farms" are exactly the same in factory farms. For example, castrations, dehorning of cattle and goats, ear notching, ear tagging, nose rings, piglet teeth grinding, slap marking are all standard practices. He also fails to acknowledge that many animals from "free-range" or "organic" farms are sent to the same slaughterhouses as factory farmed animals.
Pallesen argues that cows do not suffer in "high welfare" farms without providing any scientific material to back up his claim.[71] He is either ignorant or unaware that dairy calves are separated from their mother usually immediately after birth. The male calves are killed, or sold to be reared for beef or veal. Pallesen claims "animals dying is not a problem I care about, I care about animal suffering" and more recently has claimed "animal suffering is one of our most important issues".[90][91] This is likely to be a case of online virtue signaling rather than a real concern for animals.
Climate change misinformation[edit]
Pallesen accepts the fact of climate change but denies any animal agriculture connection and downplays it's importance (this classifies him as a denialist). Pallesen has written that he believes immigration is more of a concern to the planet than climate change.[92]
In a failed attempt to justify his meat-based diet, Pallesen promotes misinformation about climate change, claiming that cows have no impact on global warming.[7]
Cows do not generate compounding amounts of methane.[93]
Methane emissions from cows are in a cycle and do not matter for global warming.[94]
The effect is almost invisible. Cows have no meaningful impact on climate change.[7]
Unlike burning fossil fuels, animal emissions are in a cycle, so there is no cumulative addition of greenhouse gases.[95]
Neither going vegetarian or trapping cow methane will make a difference in the long run. Only limiting fossil fuels will.[96]
Despite what Pallesen believes, the grass-fed beef farming that he supports is a net contributor to carbon emissions.[97] A report by the Food Climate Research Network at the University of Oxford found that while grazing of grass-fed animals can increase sequestration of carbon in some locally specific circumstances this effect is "time-limited, reversible, and at the global level, substantially outweighed by the greenhouse gas emissions they generate".[98] The report concluded:
Grass-fed livestock are not a climate solution. Grazing livestock are net contributors to the climate problem, as are all livestock. Rising animal production and consumption, whatever the farming system and animal type, is causing damaging greenhouse gas release and contributing to changes in land use.[98]
A 2023 study found that grass-fed farming operations have 20% higher production emissions and 42% higher carbon footprint than grain-finished systems.[99]
Pallesen is entirely silent about this evidence.
See also[edit]
Selected publications[edit]
- Polygenic Scores Mediate the Jewish Phenotypic Advantage in Educational Attainment and Cognitive Ability Compared With Catholics and Lutherans with Curtis S. Dunkel, Emil O. W. Kirkegaard and Michael A. Woodley of Menie, 2019.
- The Left-liberal Skew of Western Media with Noah Carl, Emil Elgaard and Emil O. W. Kirkegaard, 2021.
References[edit]
- ↑ The reason you should vote for AfD is the same reason you should vote for Marine Le Pen, Donald Trump, the Sweden Democrats, etc. X.com. [Archived https://archive.ph/GovjS]
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 I eat many steaks. From free range, well-treated animals. X.com. Archived.
- ↑ Pallesen openly admits to being far-right, commenting "European 'far right' at this point just means preserving Europe for Europeans. How can you be against that?" Archived.
- ↑ The reason you should vote for AfD is the same reason you should vote for Marine Le Pen, Donald Trump, the Sweden Democrats, etc. X.com. Archived.
- ↑ See references in section Jonatan_Pallesen#Climate_change_misinformation
- ↑ Elon Musk Is the One Bond Villain None of Us Asked For. bylinetimes.com.
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 7.2 https://ghostarchive.org/archive/4QFw2
- ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 https://archive.is/RDzGF
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Scientist Cited in Claudine Gay's Ouster Wrote a Paper Supporting Eugenics. thedailybeast.
- ↑ Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 10.2 Scientist cited in push to oust Harvard’s Claudine Gay has links to eugenicists. theguardian.com.
- ↑ White Supremacist Who Wants Legal Child Porn Doing Business Through Wyoming LLC. cowboystatedaily.com. Archived.
- ↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 12.2 https://archive.ph/9OilX
- ↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 https://archive.is/xKXCi
- ↑ https://archive.is/m4DO8
- ↑ Origins of AIDS: The polio vaccine hypothesis. aporiamagazine.com.
- ↑ https://archive.is/lebJ1
- ↑ https://archive.is/TcOeV
- ↑ https://archive.is/F5pXT
- ↑ https://archive.is/0B9Ej
- ↑ [https://archive.is/39rq2 From the new [@Steve_Sailer hit piece in The Atlantic: "He has claimed that Black people tend to have lower IQs than white people" This is not a "claim". It is an indisputable fact. Implying an accusation for stating this fact is either stunning ignorance or stunning dishonesty.] by Jonatan Pallesen (9:12 AM · Aug 21, 2024) Twitter (archived from 13 Nov 2024 02:55:59 UTC).
- ↑ https://archive.is/WnXEn
- ↑ See references in section Jonatan_Pallesen#Pakistani_gang_rapes.
- ↑ Jonatan Pallesen. danskindustri.dk.
- ↑ https://archive.is/RfIIH
- ↑ Dunkel CS, Woodley of Menie MA, Pallesen J, & Kirkegaard EOW (2019). Polygenic scores mediate the Jewish phenotypic advantage in educational attainment and cognitive ability compared with Catholics and Lutherans. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), 366–375. 10.1037/ebs0000158
- ↑ Panofsky, Aaron; Dasgupta, Kushan; Iturriaga, Nicole (2020-09-28). "How White nationalists mobilize genetics: From genetic ancestry and human biodiversity to counterscience and metapolitics". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (2): 387–398. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24150. ISSN 0002-9483. PMC 9909835. PMID 32986847.
- ↑ Kirkegaard, E. O. W., Pallesen, J., Elgaard, E., & Carl, N. (2021). The left-liberal skew of Western media. Journal of Psychological Research 3 (3): 26-43.
- ↑ The Left-Liberal Skew of Western Media. youtube.com.
- ↑ It's Official: Leftist Journalists Are An International Disease. vdare.com.
- ↑ "Editorial: A Response to Criticisms of the OpenPsych Journals". openpsych.net.
- ↑ Jump up to: 31.0 31.1 "Claudine Gay’s Data Problem" by Christopher F. Rufo (January 4, 2024) City Journal.
- ↑ Eleusis: Bo Winegard & Jonatan Pallesen reveal the literal meaning of life. aporiamagazine.com.
- ↑ AI: Can it reverse the decline? | Jonatan Pallesen. jollyheretic.com.
- ↑ https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2U125
- ↑ https://archive.is/OGWPa
- ↑ https://archive.is/pDx3Q
- ↑ https://archive.is/KUkf2
- ↑ https://archive.is/HrQGv
- ↑ https://archive.is/YSmNW
- ↑ https://archive.is/iCkHx
- ↑ https://archive.is/aISkl
- ↑ https://archive.is/41pV5
- ↑ https://archive.is/oQ98Y
- ↑ https://archive.ph/CkzBD
- ↑ https://archive.is/CTSfN
- ↑ https://archive.is/GtG0e
- ↑ https://archive.is/BA6Bc
- ↑ https://archive.is/VwW6N
- ↑ https://archive.is/lebJ1
- ↑ https://archive.is/TcOeV
- ↑ https://archive.is/F5pXT
- ↑ https://archive.is/kjbIg
- ↑ https://archive.is/cHPy3
- ↑ https://archive.is/PWLdo
- ↑ https://archive.is/5eXdt
- ↑ https://archive.is/sq28K
- ↑ https://archive.is/EDm8E
- ↑ https://archive.is/C3FZv
- ↑ https://archive.is/HPMaZ
- ↑ https://archive.is/F3bdX
- ↑ https://archive.is/wwKj5
- ↑ https://archive.is/kFrIO
- ↑ https://archive.is/yLX4l
- ↑ https://archive.is/raBU8
- ↑ Jump up to: 65.0 65.1 https://archive.is/VsQhr
- ↑ https://archive.is/m4DO8
- ↑ https://archive.is/ZuZDf
- ↑ https://archive.is/ABBae
- ↑ https://archive.is/JIsZ2
- ↑ https://archive.is/YiLsu
- ↑ Jump up to: 71.0 71.1 It’s obvious that high welfare cows enjoy their lives almost all the time. X.com. [Archived https://archive.is/nCxQ9]
- ↑ Jump up to: 72.0 72.1 https://archive.is/ads9k
- ↑ https://archive.is/FNJUX
- ↑ https://archive.is/p26p1
- ↑ https://archive.is/p1kWV
- ↑ https://archive.is/dDSCe
- ↑ https://archive.is/iN0hm
- ↑ https://archive.is/OYgl8
- ↑ https://archive.is/lBuLZ
- ↑ https://archive.is/lBuLZ
- ↑ https://archive.is/nrCFd
- ↑ You can easily eat exclusively high welfare meat. X.com. Archived.
- ↑ 100% grass-fed beef. soeagergaard.com.
- ↑ Better to eat free range, high welfare meat than to be vegetarian. X.com. Archived.
- ↑ https://archive.is/8mgSI
- ↑ https://archive.is/p1kWV
- ↑ https://archive.is/HG3LQ
- ↑ https://archive.is/micpF
- ↑ https://archive.is/TcoqM
- ↑ https://archive.is/PS7up
- ↑ https://archive.is/10185
- ↑ https://archive.is/EA90T
- ↑ https://archive.is/6GLxT
- ↑ https://archive.is/VEHif
- ↑ https://archive.is/emlI0
- ↑ Neither going vegetarian or trapping cow methane will make a difference in the long run. Only limiting fossil fuels will. X.com. Archived.
- ↑ Grass-fed beef will not help tackle climate change, report finds. carbonbrief.org.
- ↑ Jump up to: 98.0 98.1 Is grass-fed beef good or bad for the climate?. ox.ac.uk.
- ↑ Carbon opportunity cost increases carbon footprint advantage of grain-finished beef. journals.plos.org.